Colon cancer

Colon cancer's disease overview

Colon cancer , also known as the large intestine cancer is a common cancer in Vietnam as well as in the world.

Colon cancer is one of the gastrointestinal cancer with good prognosis in the case of detection when the disease is still at an early stage or precancerous lesions. If detected late, the ability to treat very little effect.

Colon cancer learning

Colon cancer can be seen in any position of the colon: Sigma colon, downstream colon, horizontal colon, upstream and cecum.

Diseases develop with 4 main stages, classified based on the structure of the colon and the way the cell spreads from the colon to other parts of the body. The later the cancer stage, the decrease in life prognosis. At first stage cancer is often growing slower and has better prognosis.

Stage I: This is the earliest stage of colon cancer, called local carcinoma, this time cancer is still limited to the colon. During this stage, cancer cells are only found in the mucosa, developing in the layers of the colon.

Stage II: During this period, cancer cells begin to spread and invade to other areas in the colon, but have not metastasized to other organs of the organs of Body. This stage is classified into small stages IIA, IIB and IIC, based on the distance of cancer cells.

Stage III: During this period, cancer cells begin to spread to neighboring lymph nodes. This stage is divided into IIIA, IIIB and IIIC based on the number of lymph nodes affected by cancer.

Stage IV: This is end -stage colon cancer , metastatic cancer cells to other organs of the body. >

The IVA stage: Cancer has developed through all layers of the intestinal wall and invasive to the lymph nodes, and metastasized to a distance of the body, such as the body, such as Like liver or lungs.

Stage IVB: Cancer has metastasized more than a distance of the body

Cancer cancer can be cured?

Colon cancer is the fourth most deadly death cancer in the world after lung cancer, stomach cancer and liver cancer. However, if detected at an early stage, the rate of treatment is up to 90%, even some people have lived healthier than 20 years after the disease.

The prognosis of life after 5 years in people with cancer depends on the stage of the disease, if detected when the disease is at an early stage, the treatment is more effective. The prognosis of life after 5 years in the period is:

Stage 1: 90%

Phase 2: 80-83%

Stage 3: 60%

Stage 4: 11%

Causes of Colon cancer's disease

Causes of colon cancer include:

colon polyps: is an important cause of colon cancer. According to a study, over 50% of colon cancer cases arise on the basis of colon polyps. The more polyps, the higher the cancer rate.

Chronic colon diseases: colon cancer can arise on lesions of diseases: dysentery, amoeba, tuberculosis, syphilis, typhoid and other diseases of great as as chronic ulcerative

A diet with less residue, fat and animal protein: This diet changes anaerobic bacteria in the colon, turning bile acid and cholesterol into carcinogens. letters. At the same time, less foods that reduce the volume of fertilizer causes constipation, carcinogens will be exposed to the intestinal mucosa longer and more concentrated, impacting on the epithelium of the colon. The decomposition substances of protein such as indol, seatol, piridin are experimental carcinogens, which can also cause cancer in humans.

Genetic factors: Family colon polyps related to the mutation of the APC gene (adenomatous polyposis coli), accounting for 1% of colon cancer. In addition, HNPCC is also known as Lynch syndrome, related to the P53, RAS and DCC genes. Accounting for 5% of colorectal cancer.

Symptoms of Colon cancer's disease

Symptoms of colon cancer include:

1. Abdominal pain:

Abdominal pain is one of the earliest symptoms and at 70-80% of colon cancer patients.

The circumstances of the pain that does not follow a rule: It may be painful at any time of the day, not related to meals, the painful position is often in the cancer area. The pain may be long or short, from a few minutes to a few hours. The intensity of the pain at first is less, later the pain is much.

Cancer in the colon must be late often have symptoms of semi -obstruction of the intestinal obstruction: People with abdominal pain, sometimes stomach boiling, after medium, the pain is over. Koenig).

Cancer in the left colon often has severe pain when intestinal complications. 2. Gastrointestinal disorders:

usually available in 60% of colon cancer patients

Expression by constipation, pepper or alternating between constipation and pepper.

constipation often found in left colon cancer, prolonged constipation makes patients uncomfortable, headache, anorexia, affecting health. Using laxatives can go back, but then constipation continues.

Constipation is caused by cancer narrowing the intestines, obstructing the circulation of the feces, causing stagnation. The stagnation phenomenon increases the process of rotting and fermentation, producing a lot of breath, making the abdominal distention and also increasing the secretion of mucus in the intestines, these mucus will spend liquid with stools and mucus and sometimes there are Blood.

3. Blood stool

Patients with bowel movements, stools often have blood due to bleeding in the cancer position (the right is more than the left).

Hemorrhage in the right colon is usually dark red, hemorrhage in the left colon is more bright red. Blood stool usually has little mucus of the intestinal mucosa.

The phenomenon of hemorrhage often leaked, little by little, so at first did not affect the health of the patient. After that, due to prolonged blood loss, it is anemia.

4. Systemic symptoms

due to the degenerative products of the cancer organization and the substances in the intestine have been absorbed through the intestinal wall into the body, common in cancer Must be more in the left colon cancer

Weight loss: can slowly lose weight, but also sometimes fast weight loss (5kg in 1 month), accompanied by symptoms of anorexia, fatigue.

Anemia: The characteristic of anemia in colon cancer is anemia without showing blood loss so it is difficult to detect. fever: about 16%- 18% of colon cancer patients with the only symptoms are fever. 5. Tums

meet in 60% of colon cancer patients

Colon cancer must be more easily touched in the left colon. U in the right corners and left colon is often hard to touch because of being covered.

When touching the tumor of the colon, it is often the disease that has reached the late stage.

People at risk for Colon cancer's disease

People over 50 years old

People with a history of chronic colitis such as bleeding ulcer, Crohn's disease

Persons or families with people with colon polyps, especially polyps with family properties, lynch syndrome

There is unreasonable diet: lots of fat, low in fiber

Lazy physical activity, smoking, obesity

Other diseases: Patients with abdominal irradiation, enlarged head, kidney transplant patient

Prevention of Colon cancer's disease

Regular colorectal test:

is one of the best ways to prevent cancer

Precision polyp cancer usually does not show symptoms, can be found through colonoscopy a few years before invasive cancer develops

Maintain healthy eating habits:

Avoid eating a lot of meat, grease, fried food

Limit alcoholic and tobacco drinks

Eat plenty of fiber (green vegetables, fruits)

Exercise regularly

Diagnostic measures for Colon cancer's disease

Diagnosis of colon cancer based on clinical, X-ray and endoscopy symptoms

1. Clinical:

The disease is divided into 6 clinical forms:

Bowelitis (40-50%)

Gastrointestinal disorders (20-25%)

Toxicity and anemia (10-15%)

Bowel blockbules (30-35%)

Inflammation of organs in the abdominal cavity such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, ... (5-7%)

can (2-3%)

2. X-ray:

X-ray is a common and valuable method to diagnose colon cancer. There are 2 commonly used methods:

Capital contrast of the colon frame with Baryt medicine

Double contrast photography: After the bartt indented to the colon so that the patient will go to the bowel and inflate it into the colon for shooting, this method can detect tumors more clearly

3. Gastrointestinal endoscopy:

Endoscopy is conducted when the X-ray image of the tumor is unknown or when it is necessary to distinguish benign tumors from the malignant of the colon. And in cases of bleeding in the colon unknown.

Endoscopy combined with a large value biopsy in determining and distinguishing diagnosis of colon cancer.

4. Other tests: abdominal X-rays, CT scanner, MRI scan, Pet scan, ... have the value of the disease evaluation

5. Colon cancer screening test:

Hidden blood test in feces (fobt): The blood in the stool may be due to many causes such as polyps, cancer, colorectal ulcer, hemorrhoids ... Therefore, if the test is positive Need colonoscopy with soft pipes to check.

colonoscopy: Evaluate the entire colon and rectal frame, helping to detect tumors at a size of a few millimeters or other abnormalities of the colon such as colon polyps , excess bags, ulcerative lesions, infections, ...

Testing of cancer marks: including CEA, CA 19-9 is often used in colon cancer diagnosis.

Colon cancer's disease treatments

The treatment method is determined based on the stage of colon cancer

Phase I to IIIA: Usually can be treated with tumor removal surgery

Stage IIIB or IIIC: Chemotherapy with surgery to prevent cancer cells from attacking other organs of the body

Stage IV: Chemotherapy is an effective method for cancer treatment

Surgery:
Preventy surgery: surgery to remove pre -cancer lesions, contributing positively to lowering the incidence of disease
Cancer treatment surgery: There are two main types of indications: thorough and temporary surgery. The application of indications depends entirely on the disease stage

Radiotherapy:

Radiation therapy can cure the disease, help extend the time and treat cancer symptoms.

Chemotherapy:
chemotherapy is a method of using cytotoxic drugs to kill malignant cells in the body of cancer patients.
4. Self -immunotherapy: Only at Vinmec
By increasing the power of the natural immune system in the body, self -immune therapy is a breakthrough solution for cancer treatment - including colon cancer, Vinmec is the first hospital. In Vietnam, the Ministry of Health licensed this technique. See more information here. See also:
colonoscopy - The key to early detection of colon cancer
Why do colon cancer screening?
Methods of diagnosis of colon cancer
How long does metastatic colon cancer live?
Which cancer can use the enhancement therapy of the immune system itself in treatment?
Self -immune therapy - New hope for cancer patients

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