Congenital hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism's disease overview

The thyroid gland is a butterfly -shaped endocrine gland with 2 lobes located in front of the neck. The thyroid uses iodine from the daily food to synthesize a hormone called T4 (thyroxine). T4 is an extremely important hormone for the development of the body, especially the brain.What is

What is congenital hypothyroidism?

congenital hypothyroidism is a condition that does not produce enough hormones to meet the body's necessary needs. The cause of birth defects without thyroid or hypothyroidism, minority or malformations due to defects of thyroid metabolism, or iodine deficiency, so it is impossible to synthesize the necessary Hormone T4 to meet sufficiently. Child's needs.

The thyroid hormone plays an important role in the function of living and intellectual and physical development in children. Therefore, if the hormone is lacking in the thyroid hormone, the child is not grown, the brain does not develop, the child becomes dwarf and the intellectual disability.

In congenital hypothyroidism in newborns can be detected early by screening and treatment tests within 2 weeks after birth with hormonal drugs, children will develop completely. Normal. Therefore, screening tests should be performed in all children after birth.

The common incidence in the world is 1/4000 newborns living after birth. Women's/male incidence: 2/1

Children with congenital hypothyroidism at birth have vague symptoms, so parents are difficult to identify. Therefore, there is still a number of children diagnosed and treated late affecting the mental physical development of children. If the disease is detected and treated late after 3 months, the child will have a physical and mental retardation compared to his peers. Therefore, children need to be detected early and treated promptly.

The treatment is to supplement the daily thyroid hormone by lifetime orally every morning

Causes of Congenital hypothyroidism's disease

  • Families with people with thyroid disease
  • Lack of iodine in diets
  • Mothers use anti -thyroid drugs, radioactive treatment during pregnancy

    • Symptoms of Congenital hypothyroidism's disease

    The first phase of unclear symptoms is very difficult to detect, the symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism in the early stages are suspicious including the following symptoms:

  • Weighing weight larger than usual, reducing exercise, sleeping,
  • Newborn skin lasts for more than 2 weeks, dry skin and no cause of liver pathology,
  • body temperature under 35ºC, cold skin, purple floating, usually large belly, constipation and can be accompanied by the umbilical hernia.

    • Large first first

    The later phase of symptoms may be more clear, but if these signs have just taken the child to the exam, it will be late to affect the child's brain because of the child's brain. Development very quickly in the first year developing 75% of adult brain.

    Clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism:

  • Seals: The eyes are apart, the nose is flat and the tip of the nose is up
  • Big and thick tongue makes the baby's mouth always.

    • Short, thick neck, thick fat in the neck and shoulders.

  • Dry children's hands, short fingers.
  • Mental and physical development retardation.
  • tired, goiter
  • hoarseness, sticking tongue

    • Anemia: may appear

  • Sleeping a lot is considered a good child, less naughty, sleeping a lot, tired
  • A small number of children accompanied by congenital defects in the heart

    • Prevention of Congenital hypothyroidism's disease

    A diet of iodized salt supplements limits the incidence of disease

    Diagnostic measures for Congenital hypothyroidism's disease

    Diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism is based on

    Screening test

    Neonatal screening: Use Test Test to assess TSH to help diagnose congenital hypothyroidism cases when the amount of TSH increases. Neonatal screening is the best measure to detect this disease early. 48 hours after birth, children will get heel blood to test TSH, if TSH increases, it is necessary to suspect congenital hypothyroidism and need more tests for diagnosis.

    Diagnostic tests of congenital hypothyroidism

  • Test hormones in the serum (total or simple T4) decreased and increased by TSH hormone.

    • There is anti -hormone antibodies in the blood.

  • Lack of thyroid hormone transport protein

    • Imaging diagnostic: Imaging means to help diagnose the cause of congenital hypothyroidism:

  • The thyroid ultrasound also evaluated relatively accurately the existence of the thyroid gland

    • XQ The left knee bone can help evaluate the development and formation of the young skeletal system

  • The thyroid radius can accurately determine the presence, a shrinking or peanut. Is a new modern, high -precision method that is being applied in a number of large hospitals including Vinmec.

    • Congenital hypothyroidism's disease treatments

    So can congenital hypothyroidism be cured?

  • In congenital hypothyroidism can not be completely cured, children are forced to use hormones instead of throughout their lives, but if they are detected early, treated regularly, and on time for children. Completely develop both physically and mentally. The replacement hormone therapy is the only treatment for congenital hypothyroidism to be effective and safe. In case of detection at a late stage, the replacement hormone can somewhat improve the development of the brain and physical development. The sooner the child is detected early, the more complications of the thyroid hormone are reduced.

    • Replace thyroid hormones with thyroxine. This is a synthetic hormone prepared into a tablet daily and lifelong use. It has very few side effects and if it is often due to the wrong use.

    All children with congenital hypothyroidism must be clinically monitored and tested periodically.

    See also:

  • Hormone TSH and the meaning in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases
  • Common media in the thyroid gland
  • Diagnosis of thyroid implantation
  • Children with congenital hypothyroidism develop normally? >
  • Is congenital hypothyroidism common in babies?
  • Why are women more susceptible to thyroid disease than men?

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