Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis's disease overview

Deep vein thrombosis is a form of venous thrombosis - common cardiovascular disease with high incidence, mortality rates, as well as medical costs very big. In order to have effective prevention knowledge as well as appropriate management, first of all need to learn what is deep vein thrombosis?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot is formed in one or more deep veins in the body, usually in the leg. Deep vein thrombosis can cause pain and edema in the legs and can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism. This is a serious condition, occurs when blood clots move with blood and clog one of the blood vessels in the lungs.

Deep vein thrombosis may occur if a person has had medical conditions/physiological conditions related to blood clotting. Even people who do not exercise for a long time such as the following surgery, accident, ... are at risk of deep vein thrombosis.

Causes of Deep vein thrombosis's disease

Any factor that affects the circulation/blood clotting can form blood clots in the disease deep vein thrombosis , such as: venous lesions, surgery Art, some drugs or movement limits.

Symptoms of Deep vein thrombosis's disease

In some cases, deep veins have no clear symptoms. If so, these symptoms usually include:

  • Pain, edema in one leg, usually in the calf part
  • Pain in the area affected by blood clots
  • There is a hot feeling in the painful leg area

    • Skin is red, namely the back of the foot of the knee joint

    Deep venous thrombosis is usually aimed at one leg. When the knee movement, the patient may feel more painful. If not treated promptly, about 10% of patients with deep vein thrombosis will progress into pulmonary embolism. This is a serious condition with the following signs and symptoms:

  • Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
  • Chest pain, more pain when inhaled or cough
  • head, fatigue

    • Tachycardia

  • Hematuria

    • If there are manifestations such as pain, edema in the leg, then shortness of breath and chest pain, you need to see a doctor immediately to take timely treatments. >

    People at risk for Deep vein thrombosis's disease

    Anyone can have deep vein thrombosis, but this pathology is more common at the age of over 40. Outside of age, there are some other risk factors for deep veins: deep veins:

  • There is abnormalities in the blood clotting process: Some people have abnormalities during blood clotting, making blood easier when combined with other risk factors.
  • Lying for a long time, sitting for a long time: In the case of long -term hospitalization or hemiplegia, when driving or on long flights, the legs are immobilized to make the blood without circulating blood. , leading to increased risk of thrombosis
  • Trauma or intravenous surgery
  • Pregnancy: When women are pregnant, the pressure in the veins of the legs and the pot increases. Women with abnormalities during blood clotting are at high risk. This risk can last up to 6 weeks after birth.
  • Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Women who use oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy are at high risk of gratitude.
    • overweight, obesity Smoking: Copy and blood circulation are affected by smoking, thereby increasing the risk of deep vein thrombosis

    Cancer: Some cancers as well as some cancer medications may increase the risk of thrombosis

    Heart failure: The risk of deep vein thrombosis will increase above patients with heart failure. At the same time, due to the limited cardiac function, the symptoms of venous thrombosis deep in these patients are also more severe.

    Lower gastrointestinal tract infections: The intestinal diseases increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis

    History of deep veins or pulmonary artery embolism: a person with a history or a family member with a history of venous thrombosis in general, are in danger. Deep venous thrombosis is higher than usual.

    Prevention of Deep vein thrombosis's disease

    When a patient is hospitalized, whatever the cause, health workers will assess their thrombus risk. If that person is at risk of thrombosis, there are some measures to prevent as follows:

  • Stop smoking
  • Change of diet, nutritional balance
  • Exercise regularly
  • Maintain optimal weight, lose weight if obese
  • Consult the doctor before there are long trips
  • When there are trips over 6 hours by plane, ship, car, should drink plenty of water, perform simple foot exercises, often stand up and walk

    • Diagnostic measures for Deep vein thrombosis's disease

    Should see a doctor immediately if there are signs of deep vein thrombosis . The doctor will first exploit the symptoms and medical history if any. However, if based only on symptoms and history, it is difficult to accurately diagnose deep vein thrombosis . Therefore, the doctor will appoint a number of specialized tests to support diagnostic:

  • Blood test D - Dimer: This test detects blood clotting pieces and moves in the pulse. Many of these fragments were discovered, the higher the risk of thrombosis. However, this test is not always accurate, especially in patients after surgery, injury or pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary to perform other tests such as ultrasound
    • ultrasound: The ultrasound method used is the Doppler method, the goal is to measure blood circulation speed in the pulse. If the blood flow is slow or clogged, it is likely that the patient has a thrombosis.

    In addition, if D - Dimer and ultrasound tests do not confirm that patients are suffering from deep vein thrombosis, the doctor may give patients a venous X -ray. In this technique, the patient will be injected with a type of colored substance into the foot vein. The carrier will move in the circuit and taken by X -rays. At that time, the areas with thrombosis will be shown on the results.

    CT or MRI scan: Both methods can capture images of blood vessel systems and may indicate the thrombus position.

    Deep vein thrombosis's disease treatments

    Treatment of deep vein thrombosis aims to prevent blood clots from enlarging and prevent blood clots from breaking, moving along the bloodstream causing pulmonary embolism. The goal of treatment is to prevent the recurrence of deep vein thrombosis . Treatment measures include:

  • Using anticoagulants: This is the most commonly used measure, including injection or oral medications. The injection drug may be intravenous (heparin) or subcutaneous injection (such as enoxaparin, fondaparinux). Oral drugs are often used after a few days of injection (such as Warfarin, Dabigatran). There are also oral drugs used alone (such as Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxaban). These drugs prevent thrombosis from growing greater and reduce the risk of getting more thrombosis. Pregnant women should not use these drugs.
  • If the patient's condition is more complicated and more serious or other methods do not work, the doctor may consider prescribing blood solubility drugs. The drug is used by intravenous or catheter directly to the thrombus position. The drug can cause massive bleeding, so it is only considered for critical cases.
  • If the patient cannot use anticoagulant drugs, the doctor may put a filter in the abdominal vena to prevent blood clotting pieces from getting lost to the lungs.

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