Eisenmenger syndrome

Eisenmenger syndrome's disease overview

What is

What is Eisenmenger syndrome?

Eisenmenger syndrome is a severe condition of the cardiovascular system, common in congenital heart disease and not too common. The Eisenmenger syndrome was named after Dr. Eisenmenger, the first person to describe this syndrome in 1897. It was a case of a male patient who died in the context of reducing his ability to struggle, coughing up blood and failure. Temple acute. Anatomy results in the corpse detected a large ventricular hole, with horse riding artery.

Eisenmenger syndrome is often the result of a structural defect of the heart, in which an abnormal blood flow between the heart chamber through catheter, creating a blend of blood is blood is blood. Rich in oxygen and dark red is poor blood oxygen. As a result, the organs in the body do not meet the necessary oxygen needs. Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome may face many serious complications such as acute oxygen deficiency, brain abscess, embolism, greatly affecting daily life, even life -threatening. .

Eisenmenger syndrome usually appears before adulthood, sometimes also record cases of adolescence or young children.

Causes of Eisenmenger syndrome's disease

The cause of Eisenmenger syndrome is the existence of the hole between the heart chambers, creating an abnormal flow between the two heart chambers (shunts). Blood flows through the hole in the direction from a place with high pressure to lower pressure. At first, blood flowed from left to right heart chamber. After a long time of existence, the amount of blood pouring into the heart must increase, resulting in an abnormal increase in the lungs, to the point of increasing the right heart pressure and reversing the flow of the blood through the hole. Poor oxygen blood flow from right heart to left heart, then pumped to feed organs throughout the body. In addition, the pulmonary blood vessel system is under high pressure for a long time to become hard, narrowed, causing increased pressure in the pulmonary artery. This lesions of the pulmonary blood vessel system are non -recovery lesions and there is currently no treatment. Left heart must also work more to pump a large amount of blood from the lungs, this condition lasts for a decrease in the left heart function.

The congenital heart defects with holes between the heart chamber include:

  • Interior ventilation: There is a hole between the heart of the heart at the ventricular wall.

    • Atrial septal: There is a hole between the two atrial heart of the heart at the atrial wall.

    And arteriosclerotic: Aortic existence of the fetus, connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery.

    Popular artery: The aorta and pulmonary artery have the same bust.

    Besides congenital heart diseases, some intervention surgery creates bridges also creates "artificial" vents such as: Surgery to create a artery bridge with pulmonary arteries, lower arteries and pulmonary arteries.

    However, according to experts, only large holes between right heart and left heart, accompanied by pulmonary hyperplation, leads to clinical eisenmenger syndrome.

    Symptoms of Eisenmenger syndrome's disease

    Clinical manifestations of eisenmenger syndrome include symptoms of background disease and its complications. Common symptoms can be listed as follows:

  • Pale, pale skin at the head: Expression of oxygen deficiency due to blood mixing through catheter. Nails and toenails are shaped like drums, large and round. This is a manifestation of chronic lack of oxygen.

    • Fatigue, especially when active, reduces exertion.

  • Difficulty breathing when operating, appearing even when resting, lying. Hardly short -term breathing, there may be a play at night.
  • Pain in front of the chest
  • Tachycardia, a thrill of breast drum
  • Easy to faint, dizziness
  • Hematuria
  • Systemic, belly

    • Some complications of eisenmenger syndrome may also be encountered such as:

  • Polycythemia, increased blood, causing blood embolism, thrombosis
  • easily bleeding due to platelets.
  • Kidney stones, gallstones

    • Osteoarthritis pain

    Transmission route of Eisenmenger syndrome's diseaseEisenmenger syndrome

    Eisenmenger syndrome is not transmitted from sick people to healthy people.

    People at risk for Eisenmenger syndrome's disease

    The risk of Eisenmenger is more likely to have the following characteristics:

  • Conductive heart disease, existence between right heart and left heart.
  • Families with a history of cardiovascular disease in general, including congenital heart

    • Prevention of Eisenmenger syndrome's disease

    There is no proof of helping to prevent Eisenmenger syndrome. Here are ways to help slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications that the disease causes:

  • Moderate physical activity: Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome are always in a state of chronic lack of oxygen, so they cannot play sports that need to use a lot of strength or carry heavy objects. However, patients can still work gently, under the supervision and advice of medical staff.
  • Do not take too long flights because of the increased risk of deep vein thrombosis

    • Restricting tourism to the highlands because the oxygen concentration here is low.

  • Do not smoke and avoid breathing in passive cigarette smoke. The components of cigarette smoke make the lesions of the pulmonary system worse.
  • Use the drug in accordance with the prescription and as directed by the doctor. Do not use drugs and functional foods indiscriminately because of many unwanted effects that can be encountered such as increased/lower blood pressure, blood clotting, kidney failure.  

    • Diagnostic measures for Eisenmenger syndrome's disease

    The diagnosis of EisenMenger syndrome is based on a combination of clinical examination and appropriate subclinical tests such as:

  • ECG: Record the electrical activity of the heart through the electrodes attached to the chest, helping to suggest the original congenital heart disease as the cause of Eisenmenger syndrome. >

    • Chest X-ray: Detects large heart glossy images, wide lung fields.

    Echocardiography: Helps clearly see the structure inside the heart, detect abnormal defects. Doppler echocardiography allows for abnormal blood flow, suggesting the cause.

    Blood formula: Increases the number of red blood cells to compensate for the lack of oxygen, increasing the blood of blood.

  • Kidney function, liver function
  • Cut the chest computer layer: Give images of lesion in the lungs more clearly.  
  • Magnetic resonance imaging: For more detailed lesions, reducing X -rays exposure.
    • Cardiac: A small tube is threaded into the groin artery to the heart to measure the blood pressure directly, the pressure in the heart chambers, the correct size of the catheter, pressure The force of the flow through the pine hole, .. This is a high -value intervention diagnosis.

    Eisenmenger syndrome's disease treatments

    Currently there is no treatment from Eisenmenger syndrome. The principle of Eisenmenger syndrome treatment is to support, mitigate symptoms and limit complications. The main treatment is medical treatment. The patching surgery between the two heart chambers is not recommended often when the EisenMenger syndrome has developed, there are contraindications because of the danger to the patient's life.

    Drugs

    The groups of drugs are usually indicated, including:

  • Heart rate control drug

    • iron

    aspirin or other anticoagulants such as Coumadin, Jantoven.

    Endothelin receptor antagonists help protect blood vessels

  • The resistance of the pulmonary system such as Bosentan (Tracleer), Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra) and Tadalafil (Cialis, Adcirca).

    • Antibiotics: recommended before performing procedures, especially in dentistry. Antibiotic groups prevent bacteria from entering and causing heart tissue infections such as endocarditis, myocarditis.

    During the use of the patient's drug, the patient should be closely monitored in the whole state, blood pressure, and liver and kidney function. Patients absolutely do not arbitrarily use any drug without the prescription of a cardiologist.

    Blood injection

    Blood injection is a trick that is recommended when the blood cell phenomenon in the blood is increasingly progressing, causing clinical symptoms such as headache, difficulty concentration, vision disorders, in order to reduce the number of red blood cells. In the blood. However, patients need to be compensated in parallel to replace the loss volume. Blood injection should not be done regularly.

    Heart and lung transplant

    This is the last method selected if other treatments are not effective.

    contraception and pregnancy

    Women with Eisenmenger syndrome should not be pregnant because they can die for both mother and baby.

    contraceptive measures should be used in which should not use contraceptives containing estrogen because of the increase in the ability to form blood clots.

    Re -examination and monitoring

    Patients should be monitored by cardiovascular experts, re -examination at least once a year. The whole situation, clinical symptoms and subclinical tests should be fully evaluated during each visit.

    See also:

  • What is the disease, is it genetic and dangerous?
  • Signs of early identification of congenital heart disease
  • Vinmec successfully rescuing the 40 -day -old congenital heart for the age of age
  • How much is the normal heart of children?

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