Emphysema

Emphysema's disease overview

What is

What is the emphysema?

The emphysema is a lower respiratory disease, which is specifically the disease of alveoli and bronchials, causing persistent breathing difficulties, prolonged on clinical. The disease is caused by the loss of functions of alveoli bags and bronchial sub -dials due to excessive stretching or destruction due to chronic inflammation of the components in the lower respiratory tract.

This condition lasts for a long time that loses the elasticity of the respiratory system, the air after inhaling is stained in the lungs and cannot escape in the exhalation, forming air bags containing air. Poor oxygen. Over time, the walls of alveoli and bronchial sub -bronchi were destroyed. This is a progressive disease, worsening over time and not recovering.

The most prominent sign of gases is that breathing is constantly appearing, even without exertion; Accompanied by signs of manifestation of chronic lack of oxygen when the disease is late such as fatigue, pale skin, purple lips. Treatment of waste gases is still a problem, there is no cure for the disease, only a supportive method to mild symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. P>

The emphysema is a result of chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), prolonged bronchial asthma. The disease is common in smokers, pipe tobacco perennial in large quantities and is often only seen in the elderly. In the US, emphysema is the fourth cause of death and the mortality rate of the disease is increasing.

Causes of Emphysema's disease

There are many causes of emphysema.

  • Chronic bronchitis due to frequent exposure to irritants, harmful chemicals and microorganisms in the air is the leading cause of emphysema. Toxic chemicals include cigarette smoke, pipe tobacco, smoke of fuel such as coal, kitchen smoke; Microorganisms can be viruses, bacteria, fungi. The emphysema caused by COPD or tuberculosis is all of this cause.
  • Bronchial asthma: prolonged bronchial asthma stretches excessive and continuous airbags, leading to loss of elasticity of alveoli and bronchials also cause disease Vague gas.
  • Connier chest deformation, bronchial narrowing causes obstruction of gas pathway, air contains inside the lungs, causing emphysema.

    • Genetic pathology: A alpha protein deficiency 1 antitrypsin (A1AT). This protein is produced in the liver, functioning against the activity of the elastase enzyme of neutral polygon leukemia, protecting cells from inflammation. This is a genetic disease, the elastic structures in the lungs are not protected by A1AT, leading to emphysema.

    Symptoms of Emphysema's disease

    Signs of ragged gases are common on clinical, including:

  • Difficulty breathing is a prominent symptom. At first, it was difficult to breathe out, appearing sometimes struggling, later shortness of breath appear continuously, performing, the heaviest is difficulty breathing appears even when resting. Difficulty breathing is worse when patients suffer from acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia, lung abscess.

  • cough: usually dry cough, or have little talks. Spounding is often ineffective.
  • Some other respiratory symptoms that patients may encounter such as: Chest deformed barrel, knocking, hearing pulmonary ventilation, may have Rales. >

    • prolonged progressive waste gas can cause complications such as chronic heart, chronic respiratory failure, pneumothorax, pulmonary obstruction. Common symptoms in the late stages include edema, large liver, floating veins.

    People at risk for Emphysema's disease

    Risk factors that increase the likelihood of emphysema:

  • Smoking: The emphysema is common in patients with smoking and pipe tobacco. Smoke to limit the operation of the airway, microorganisms or toxic substances penetrated into the respiratory tract but are not pushed out by the hair system, so it accumulates and causes inflammation of infection. Respiratory. The risk of disease increases with the number and time of smoking. People inhaling passive cigarette smoke are also at risk of disease than normal people.
  • Older people: People older than 40 years old will suffer from lung diseases, so the incidence of emphysema is higher.

    • Occupational factors: People who work in an environment with dust and toxic chemicals are also more susceptible to diseases.

    Prevention of Emphysema's disease

    Ways to prevent diseases:

  • Leaving smoking, pipe tobacco
  • Daily dental hygiene
  • When suffering from respiratory infections, it is necessary to go to the doctor and thoroughly treat it so that the disease will recur and proceed to the process of chronic inflammation.
  • Using labor protection fully for people working in the environment often exposed to smoke, dust, toxic chemicals such as coal mining workers, weaving weaving , construction and environmental sanitation.
  • TB vaccination for all children. Consider getting extra vaccine against diseases caused by pneumococcal, hemophilus influenza, ...
  • exercise regularly, combined with breathing exercise to increase lung elasticity.
  • Fully eat nutrients to good health and lung function.

    • In the emphysema, the disease is more important than healing.

    Diagnostic measures for Emphysema's disease

    The emphysema is diagnosed mainly based on subclinical tests and diagnostic means. Ask a history and clinical examination to play a role and suggestion to help the doctor think about the disease waste .

    Means that help diagnose the disease include:

  • Blood test: Blood is a blood test to determine the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide in the blood.
  • Automatic respiration: Use a device with a respiratory name to measure lung function. Reducing the Vital Capacity (FVC), reducing the Inspiration Capacity (IC) are common changes in ragged gas.
  • Measuring pulmonary volumes: by body waste, it brings more accurate diagnosis. Patients with emphysema often increase the volume of functional residue and increase the volume of gas.
  • X -ray: Typical image of the emphysema is seen on X -ray are two lungs to increase light, wide range of ribs, barrel -shaped chest, diaphragm, heart shadow, heart shadow Water droplets.
  • CT scan: Allow to see the local or spreading air image, giving the image more clearly than the lung x -ray film.
    • ECG measurement (ECG) to detect complications on the heart.

    Emphysema's disease treatments

    There is no way to completely cure emphysema. The current treatment only stops at reducing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the disease.

    Treatment of drugs

    The groups of drugs are often indicated, including:

  • Bronchodilators: Bronchodilators are long or short, which helps improve the respiratory function of the lungs, reduce breathing difficulty at exertion and increase the ability of the patient. Can be used in combination with 2 types of bronchodilators together to achieve higher therapeutic effect.
    • corticosteroid inhalation: Often combined with bronchodilators to help the patient's strength of exertion. Antibiotic: Treatment of repelling acute respiratory infections, helping to mitigate symptoms. non -drug treatment
  • Extended low -dose oxygen breathing: Helps increase exertion, slow down the enlightenment of waste gas to complications such as the mind Chronic waste and help extend the life time for patients.
  • Respiratory rehabilitation: Breathing techniques such as lip breathing help reduce the volume of stagnant gas in the lungs, the respiratory process from which is more effective.
  • Surgery to cut lung volume: A part of the lungs with excessive air dilatation will be removed. This technique is effective with the upper lagoon, improving the activity of the respiratory muscles and the patient's exertion.

    • See also:

  • Overview of common diseases in the lungs
  • Long -term complications of bronchial asthma
  • pleural effusion: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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