Esophagus

Esophagus's disease overview

esophagus is a component of the digestive duct system in humans, is the food pipe from the back of the oral cavity (the pharyngeal of the throat) to the stomach, with the function of transportation. Move food from the oral cavity to the stomach. esophagus stenosis is a situation of a segment of damaged esophagus causing narrowing of the esophagus, leading to hindering the circulation and transport of food down to the stomach. As a result, patients with difficulty swallowing leading to poor eating, even exhausted due to unable to eat.

Esophageal stenosis can be congenital or complications of a certain disease such as gastroesophagitis - esophagus (gerd), esophageal burns caused by chemicals, radiation, tumors or esophageal cancer , sequelae after injury ...

Except for the consequences of cancer, generally esophagus narrowing is a benign lesions. However, it seriously affects the quality of life and health of the patient. If not diagnosed and treated properly, the patient may be severe malnutrition due to not eating.

Causes of Esophagus's disease

  • benign esophagus stenosis is due to the formation of scar tissue in the esophagus.
  • The most common cause of esophageal narrowing is due to gastroesophageal inflammation-esophagus (gerd-gastroesophage reflux disease), due to sphincter in the gastric esophagus segment (center taste) Ineffective operation leads to the acid from the stomach may be reflux in the esophagus, corrosion of esophageal mucosa leading to esophagitis. This process will repeat repeatedly causing non -recovery damage to the esophagus, forming scar tissue and eventually causing esophageal narrowing.

    • congenital esophageal stenosis is a clogged esophagus during pregnancy development. The disease usually occurs in the 4th week of pregnancy. The cause of the disease has not been clarified, the gene may be one of the pathogenic factors.

    esophagus stenosis caused by malignant diseases: esophageal cancer or malignant tumor from the outside of the esophagus pinched into the narrowing of the esophagus

    Besides, benign esophageal stenosis can also be a complication of some of the following conditions:

  • Due to radiation therapy in the chest or neck
  • Esophageal burns due to corrosion swallow (eg acid, alkaline, javen or other cleaning chemicals ...).
  • Luu sonde long -term gastric ulcerative (common in people with coma or body paralysis after the lesions in the central nervous system such as a stroke brain injury).
  • Endoscopic esophageal injury.
  • After treatment of esophageal varicose veins

    • Due to the mind contract

    Symptoms of Esophagus's disease

    Potential complications of benign esophagus narrow include:

    Local complications of esophageal stenosis
  • solid or solid foods can be stuck in the narrow esophagus ???? may cause suffocation or shortness of breath.
  • Due to vomiting and reflux often ???? Increased risk of pneumonia due to inhalation of food
  • Patients may die suddenly due to cardiovascular reflexes or suffocating due to reflux foods in the trachea causing airway obstruction
  • esophageal leak.
    • cancer. Systemic complications caused by esophageal stenosis
  • malnutrition due to poor or unable to eat for a long time.
  • Mental stress, sadness, do not want to interact with others, there are cases where the patient still has depression.

    • Prevention of Esophagus's disease

  • Apply lifestyle changing measures to control GERD and minimize the risk of progressing into esophageal stenosis. Controlling GERD's symptoms can significantly reduce the risk of esophageal stenosis. Follow the doctor's instructions on the options of diet, medication (if any) and the lifestyle can minimize the prevention of stomach acids into your esophagus.
  • Do not let the chemicals cause corrosion (acid, base ...) into the esophagus. Protect children by holding all corrosive household chemicals indoors at their reach.

    • Match medical examination to monitor the symptoms

  • Slay chewing food
  • Take medicine as directed by the doctor
  • Create healthy living habits

    • Thus, esophagus stenosis is a quite dangerous disease for those who suffer, greatly affecting the quality of daily life. To prevent disease, you should exercise regularly, have a reasonable diet, healthy living to minimize the risk of disease.

    Diagnostic measures for Esophagus's disease

    Definite diagnosis: Based on clinical and subclinical symptoms

    Clinical symptoms of esophageal stenosis: Patients are often swallowed when eating solid food.

    The level of difficulty swallowing depends on the type of food and is not the same between the cases: there are patients who drink milk easily, but drink water difficult, some patients eat hot food easy But eating cold is difficult, some patients are the opposite ...

  • Due to choking, the patient is forced to extend the time to eat so that the food has time to go through the esophagus, resulting in a meal that may last for hours. <
  • Feeling after sternum: can last for many hours in some patients due to food stasis in the lower segment of the esophagus.
  • Pain in the back of the breastbone. The pain is not related to physical activity.
  • Patients often vomit naturally, but sometimes patients use their hands to vomit with their hands to vomit comfortably. The reason is that the esophagus is narrow, making food difficult or unable to get down and stagnate in the esophagus, causing the esophagus to gradually relax and stimulate the esophagus of this food to reduce the pressure in the esophagus to do it The patient has vomiting. In the early stages, when the esophagus still relaxed, the patient found it difficult to swallow and vomit after eating. In the later stage, when the esophagus is expanded, the food is stagnant to fill the esophagus, vomiting occurs later but the volume is more.
    • malnutrition

    In the early stages, the food still reaches the stomach so often for a long time, the patient's condition is still good. Later, after the food stagnates in the esophagus, the patient is very small or non -digesting the food leading to malnutrition.

  • burp, heartburn, long cough ... are also very common.
  • Cases of esophageal stenosis due to malignant causes may appear some more symptoms of tumor disease (eg anemia ...)

    • In children, there may be some additional symptoms: too much saliva or nasal juice in the nose and mouth; cough; Crying without voice; shortness of breath after crying; Blue skin when trying to eat ... Subclinical:

    The tests used to diagnose the esophagus narrowing include:

  • Shooting or X-rays with contrast drugs.
  • esophagus screening: Can observe the narrow place, sometimes the scope cannot pass through the narrow segment down to the stomach; Can coordinate biopsy for diagnosis
  • Measuring esophageal pressure

    • Esophagus's disease treatments

    Depending on the cause of the esophagus stenosis, we can have different treatment strategies

    In case of esophageal stenosis due to congenital causes (young children)
  • If the disease is detected in pregnancy, we need to continue monitoring until the baby is born. In this case, doctors will advise young parents to give birth at reputable specialized centers to ensure the willingness to intervene for children right from birth if any event occurs. >
  • If after birth, the child is diagnosed with the esophagus stenosis, the doctors will continue to consider other factors such as: Is the child having a full month?  Weight? Lung function? ... If a child is determined to be healthy enough, he will perform surgery to repair the digestive tract.
    • benign esophagus stenosis

    are cases of esophageal stenosis but the cause of stenosis is not caused by cancer. Depending on the cause of the narrowing and severity of the disease, there is a different treatment strategy.

    Medicine -free treatments
  • esophagus: help limit and prevent the narrowing process, so that patients can eat without stagnant food in the esophagus. The esophagus is often the preferred choice in most cases because of its simple and effective tricks that have few complications. However, the implementation of it is not a pleasant and this procedure needs to be done many times to prevent the re -narrower esophagus. Often the patient will be anesthetized during the procedure.
  • Set the esophagus stent: Consolidate the effect of preventing the narrowing of the esophagus. Specifically, after the esophagus has been widened by the ball, people will be placed in the stenosis of the stent - a thin tube made of plastic or metal with a mesh structure, which can be expanded and trying to try. In that shape, forming a price to support the esophagus wall, keeping the esophagus expand so that patients can eat and drink.
    • diet, eating and drinking:

    gerd is considered the leading cause of many esophagus complications including esophageal stenosis. Therefore, treatment and prophylaxis of GERD are always essential that all patients with esophageal stenosis need to be done. Healthy living and eating habits can help you control the symptoms of GERD, thereby limiting the progression of the esophagus narrow. Things to do include:

  • Locate high heads by giving a pillow (down to the shoulder) so that the head is slightly higher than the bed surface (about 15 degrees) to prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus

    • Obcent overweight people are often more susceptible to reflux than people with normal weight, so weight loss will help reduce the risk of reflux.

  • Divide meals, eat for several meals, each meal should not eat it
  • Do not eat 3 hours before going to bed
  • Remove smoking, avoid drinking alcohol
  • Avoid foods that can easily cause acid reflux, such as spicy foods, fat foods, carbonated drinks, chocolate, coffee and products containing products Caffeine, food derived from tomatoes, sour fruits (oranges, tangerines ...)
    • Drug treatment:

    is an important part of the treatment plan, especially for patients with severe reflux

  • Inhibits, reducing acid excretion in the stomach
  • antacids: Helps neutralize acids in the stomach, has the effect of reducing the symptoms of the disease that is annoying patients
  • Regulating medications of the gastrointestinal spasm
  • The treatment of drugs in this disease often lasts long, maybe a few months requiring patients to persevere and adhere to the right treatment.
    • Surgery

    Surgical problem will be posed if the above treatment measures are no longer effective. Surgery will help solve the symptoms of esophageal stenosis more thoroughly, the prognosis is good for patients with benign esophageal stenosis. However, the disease is still likely to recur (about 30% of the narrow recurrence after one year). Coordinating the treatment of GERD control drugs helps strengthen the results of surgery

    Esophageal stenosis due to cancer

    Patients need the advice of treatment of cancer specialists

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