Facial injuries can occur at any age, due to many different reasons and mechanisms. In particular, the main reason is due to traffic accidents. In children, jaw injuries may occur due to an accidental accident, due to sharp items, toys, or maybe due to pets attacked. Elderly people can fall due to stun, related to systemic causes such as hypertension, hypoglycemia ...
Maxillofacial injuries are common in the jaw software, the level of injury from simple to complex such as: Sites of alveolar bones, broken tooth body, root; Cheekbone fractures (cheekbone jaw - supply); lower jaw fracture (chin area, jaw angle, horizontal branch, convex); The upper jaw fracture ...
Injury to the jaw area met in all regions from urban to rural areas. But it is encountered in rural areas due to not understanding and obeying the traffic laws well, due to the lack of jobs for young people or gathering to fight. The number of patients trauma in the jaw area increases on occasions of high school students to vacation, holidays, New Year ...
Causes of Facial jaw injury's disease
Traffic accident: is the main cause, of which the motorbike accounts for the highest proportion: 45.4%. Other traffic accidents: 33.2% (cars, bicycles ...). Due to the rapid development of transportation, the road infrastructure has not been developed with the development of vehicles, the awareness of compliance with the road traffic laws of road users is not good.
Labor accident: accounting for 6.9%, accidents occur while the victim is participating in production labor, due to unsafe labor, in manual labor. Do not comply with labor rules well.
Domestic accident: accounting for 3.04%, due to fighting, falling, burns, children playing rubber guns.
Due to another accident: accounting for 11.18%, such as accidents due to sports, biting animals, fire ...
Symptoms of Facial jaw injury's disease
Characteristics of facial jaw injuries are divided into 2 parts:
Software injury
Skin wounds: Due to strong contact with roughness to peel off the epidermis. The wound damages the capillaries causing bleeding and breaking the sensory nerve ends on the skin of the skin causing the patient to be very painful.
The wound hit: due to the prison head touching the software lesions causing bleeding and hematoma under the skin. The bruising hematoma causes swelling and patients with pain. Hematoma usually changes from purple to blue, dark yellow and light yellow and then disappear.
Skin tear wounds: Due to the color of the skin causing skin tear, the morphology can be simple, complicated, from shallow to deep bones.
Piercing wounds: Due to the sharp objects through the subcutaneous organization and often the end causes natural cavities such as the upper sinus, oral cavity, nasal cavity ...
Wounds caused by fire: like bullets shot ... often holes in small holes, large holes, causing loss of organization, wounded wounds wide.
Lack of organization: Injury causes loss of organization, may lose a skin area, skin muscle or jawbone.
Burn wounds: may be due to fire, boiling water, chemicals (acid) ... Burns are divided into 4 degrees:
Grade 1: Red rash on the skin.
Grade 2: Water on the skin.
Grade 3: Destroy the skin to the skin.
level 4: Destroy muscles and deep organs.
Bone injury upper jaw fracture
Swelling quickly in the middle of the face, especially cheeks and around the eye socket, the level of swelling depends on the degree of damage . Sometimes only after a short time, the two eyes were covered unable to open.
Pain: Pain in the area of a broken bone, pain increases when opening your mouth, holding your mouth, when biting your teeth together. Pain can spread to the two ears, on the temples, in the palate.
Nasal bleeding: Due to the upper sinus damage or the nose bone damage, cartilage and mucosa in the nose. Blood may flow to the front nasal door or the back door of the back of the throat.
Song, blurred, completely blind: due to the damage of the eye damage to the software, due to edema in the eye. If damage to the sinus of the jaw can cause a hernia to organize the software around the eyeball into the sinus of the jaw, causing a shaft of the eyeball, causing a double view symptom (a sign of a song). It is possible that the fragment of the blades of the eye is complex and deep, causing compression of the optic nerve (Neurgery No. II) causing complete blindness.
lower jaw fractures
lower jaw fractures can be combined with upper jaw fracture or cheek fracture or in combination with multiple injuries Symptoms of energy, body, and entity are different. In this section, we only stated the lower jaw fracture with the main symptoms, general for the position of the lower jaw fracture.
Pain, swelling quickly in the lower jaw area, pain increases when the lower jaw movement (open, chewing, chewing)
Restricted or unable to exercise the lower jaw (due to pain, swelling, due to misleading bite bite)
Transmission route of Facial jaw injury's diseaseFacial jaw injury
Facial injuries are not infectious diseases, therefore, inability to transmit from patients to healthy people.
People at risk for Facial jaw injury's disease
In traffic but not guaranteed for motor vehicles and body protection vehicles
Participants in adventure sports, strong antagonists.
Works in dangerous environments such as coal mine, quarrying ...
Prevention of Facial jaw injury's disease
Facial injuries due to many reasons, including traffic accidents, accounts for billions
The highest rules. To prevent trauma in the jaw area needed:
Everyone participating in road traffic must strictly abide by the traffic law.
Strengthen the education of road traffic laws for students and the community.
Safe labor protection, especially in the use of agricultural and industrial mechanical machines.
Do not allow teenagers to play rubber guns and firecrackers.
Participate in sports of all kinds with safety insurance, management and not using illegal explosives.
Diagnostic measures for Facial jaw injury's disease
Diagnosis of upper jaw fracture
Examination on the face:
Facial deformed face, especially on the middle of the face, bruises around the two sides of the face, also known as signs of sunglasses, may have combined software wounds.
Press the lower edge, the edge of the eye, the front of the sinus sinuses see the painful, abnormal sore point, or see the signs of the fracture of the broken bone.
Injections in the nose if there is a combined nose injury can see many blood stagnant, which makes the nostrils on one side of the air. The nasal mucosa is torn to bleed, deformed the nasal septum.
Examination in the mouth:
The open mouth limits depending on the level.
Mucus of the vestibular mucosa on bruises or torn mucosa. In the arch of the password, it can also be torn, hematoma.
Signs of the wrong bite: Let the patient bit the two jaws a few times, normally when the two jaws bite the teeth, the jaw will be touched but when there is the wrong bite, the teeth are The upper and lower jaw does not touch each other.
Gently shaking the upper teeth can see half of the jaw or the entire upper jaw (the denture of the denture).
Click fingers in the vestibular niche, the pain can be seen in the front of the jaw or back sinuses outside the upper jaw bone.
X-rays:
To detect a broken line and accurately assess the degree of deviation of the broken line, it is necessary for X -ray. The films are often indicated: straight side, inclined face, blondeau, hirtz, if severe injury can be CT-Scanner.
The lower jaw fracture
Look: see swollen face, bruising or tearing the skin, through the skin tear can see the bone. The chin can be deviated to the side of the broken side if the whole broken or convex.
Touching: Use the index finger and thumb to gently press the back bank, the outside of the high branch, the jaw angle, the outer surface and the lower edge of the horizontal branch and the chin area, where there is a broken disease Human will hurt.
If the whole broken horizontal branch has a deviation when stroking the hand from the back to the front, the signs of the ladder may detect. In the fracture of the lower jaw bone bridge: pressing on the temporal joint area in front of the ear canal, the joint may be concave or high. Put the two fingers in front of the ear (corresponding to the convex position) in the patient to open their mouth, no convex to move under the finger.
Examination in the mouth:
Examining benefits: The niche of the fracture and bleeding area if the whole broken horizontal branch, the middle and the patient arrive early. Benefits and niches in broken areas have fake, bruising if the patient is late.
Annoten bite two: common in the lower bridge of the lower jaw bone. At the first examination, the patient bite the two jaws to see the two jaws without each other called the wrong bite (then 1), for the patient to open their mouth many times, the patient adjusted and bite the two jaws tightly (joints. The right bite is 2) called the bite bite.
Panorama (Panorama): Detect broken bridge, convex neck on both sides and in other places of bone.
Facial jaw injury's disease treatments
Hand -injured emergency treatment
asphyxiation. Let the victim lie on the head aside in the first aid time and move the victim to the upper level (specialized route). Opening the airway: Take all obstacles of respiratory obstacles such as: Put the teeth falling in the mouth, hook and absorb all the sputum, blood clots, vomiting in the mouth and in the nose. If you drop the tongue back, use the gauze to pull out the tongue out, sew the tongue into the incisors or the edges. Due to the fracture of the airway, the airway can be used to release the airway. Respiratory support: Depending on the patient condition and the cause of suffocation can respiratory support such as steam, oxygen, intubation or air trachea ...
bleeding. Small blood vessels: Use your fingers to press the blood vessels, bleeding in the nose, stuffed the bleeding. If the pulse is found bleeding, use the bleeding point and can be tied with Catgut thread, transferring the victim to the district hospital for treatment. Bleeding a lot from large blood vessels: temporary hemostatic treatment and immediately transferred patients to the provincial hospital specialized.
Stun. Patients with low heads, placing patients in breathable pain relieving by examination and gently transportation, bone motion; Using body painkillers.
Hospital treatment
This depends on the specific injury of the patient, its severity and whether the patient has any issues. Any other problem at that time, the doctor will have many different treatments such as:
Wash wounds, cut wounds and bandage
Conservation treatment methods: adjusting and fixing functions, applying for simple broken, low -lines.
Indications for jaw injury surgery is applied to specific cases, based on the position of a broken bone, the degree of deviation and the general condition of patient. Surgical methods are often applied in case of complicated fractures, a lot of fractures, or simply corrected without results, the fracture is late with fake joints, fractures with cans ... Extremely, revealing a fracture, adjusting the broken bone into the correct anatomical position and then fixing the bone with steel thread or small screw brace.
See also:
Methods of treating jaw fractures
How to handle when the jaw bone broken
Maxillofacial plastic surgery
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