Fours Fallot

Fours Fallot's disease overview

Fallot is a rare condition due to the combination of four heart defects in the heart when the child is born. These defects affect the structure of the heart, causing the poor blood to be bent by the heart to all organs of the body. Babies and children with Fallot quadrilateral often have blue -purple skin due to blood does not carry enough oxygen.

Fallot quartet is usually diagnosed in the fetus or immediately after birth. However, there are cases where Fallot is not detected until adulthood depends on the severity of defects and symptoms.

If diagnosed early, the patient will be assigned appropriate surgery treatment, most children and adults suffer from Fallot with relatively normal life, even though they still have to be medical care. Regularly throughout life and limit heavy work.

So what is Fallot?

Four abnormalities that make up the quadrilateral Fallot include:

  • Stenosis of the right ventricle: Due to the pulmonary stenosis, the right ventricle has a reduced blood flow leading to the lungs. The main narrow area is just below the pulmonary valve that makes this muscle area thicken. In some serious cases such as no pulmonary arteries (Pulmonary Artery Atresia) will reduce blood flow to the lungs.
  • Interior ventricles: Disability disability is on the partition of the two heart chambers including left ventricular and right, normal loss without holes, but in ventricular septal, there is a hole. This hole allows for poor oxygen blood in the right ventricle to return to the lungs to supplement the amount of oxygen provided, and flow into the left ventricle and mix with oxygen -rich blood. Blood from left ventricle also flowed back to the right ventricle, reducing the ability to supply oxygen -rich blood to the body and eventually can cause heart failure.
  • Aortic aorta riding on the wall of ventricular walls: the aorta is often misaligned and usually located right on the ventricular hole.
  • The hypertrophy of the right ventricle: When the pump activity of the heart is overworked will make the muscles of the right ventricle thick. Over time this can cause the heart to harden, weak and finally heart failure.

    • In addition, some children or adults suffer from Fallot may have other heart defects, such as holes between the atrial chamber (atrial wall defect). , the right or abnormal aortic dome of the coronary artery.

    Causes of Fours Fallot's disease

    Fallot evidence occurs during the development of the fetus. Although factors such as poor mother's nutrition, viral disease or genetic disorders can increase the risk of this disease, in most cases, causes of Fallot quartet still not known.

    Symptoms of Fours Fallot's disease

    Depending on the level of obstruction of the blood flow from the right ventricle and the lungs, the symptoms of the Fallot quartet will vary in every patient. Signs and symptoms may include:

  • Purple blue skin
  • Difficulty breathing and fast breathing, especially when feeding or exercising
  • Loss of consciousness, fainting
  • Clubbing of fingers and toes
  • Slow weight gain
  • Fast fatigue while playing or exercising

    • irritability

  • Prolonged crying
  • Heart Murmur (Heart Murmur)
  • Hypercyanotic spell (tet spell)

    • Sometimes, babies with Fallot quartet will suddenly have symptoms of cyanosis in the skin, nails and lips after crying or sucking, or when agitated. These symptoms are called an oxygen deficiency due to rapid decline in blood oxygen in children from 2 to 4 months of age.

    Children who know to walk or older children can squat instinctively when they are short of breath. When squatting will increase blood flow to the lungs.

    When should a patient see a doctor?

    Parents need to take children to the doctor early when they notice the following symptoms:

  • Difficulty breathing
  • Skin discoloration, switch to purple blue
  • Convulsions

    • Weakness

    Unusual discomfort

    If the child shows signs of purple blue, put the child on his side and let the child hug the pillow, this will help increase blood flow to the lungs and reduce shortness of breath. After that, call for emergency to quickly take the child to the hospital.

    complications

    All children with Fallot quartet need early surgery, untreated DNU will greatly affect children later, even children do not develop and grow as normal children. In addition, children may also increase the risk of other serious complications such as infections infections, this is an infection of the inner lining of the heart or heart valve due to bacterial infection.

    Cases of non -treated Fallot quartets often develop serious complications over time, which can lead to death or disability in adults.

    Transmission route of Fours Fallot's diseaseFours Fallot

    Fallot is a congenital heart disease, not transmitted from patients to healthy people.

    People at risk for Fours Fallot's disease

    While the exact cause of Fallot is not known, there are some factors that may increase the risk of Fallot tetraheda in the fetus. Mechanical includes:

  • The mother who is infected with a virus during pregnancy such as Rubella measles
  • Awake mother during pregnancy
  • The mother has poor diet during pregnancy
  • The pregnant mother when she is older than 40
  • One of two or both parents have four fallot evidence
  • Children with Down syndrome or Digeorge syndrome

    • Diagnostic measures for Fours Fallot's disease

    When suspected children have Fallot quartet, the cardiologist will conduct a physical examination to hear the heart of the lungs and specify some tests to confirm the diagnosis.

    Tests may include:

  • Echocardiography. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to create the image of the heart. When the sound waves come to the heart and will turn back to create a movement image so that the doctor can see the heart activity on the screen. This technique is often used to diagnose Fallot quartet. It allows the doctor to determine whether there is a discharge of ventricular ventricular defects and its position; the structure of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery is normal; how the ventricles must work like; The aorta is placed in the right position; And find other heart defects. This technique also helps doctors plan treatment for patients.
  • ECG. Electrolyte recording electrical activity in the heart when contracting. This test helps to determine if the ventricular must have hypertrophy or not, whether the atria must be thick and whether the heart rate is not.
  • Chest X-ray may show the structure of the heart and lungs. One of the typical symptoms of the Fallot quartet on X-ray is the heart-shaped heart heart (boot-shaped heart) due to the right ventricle.

    • Measure oxygen saturation level. The test is done by wearing a small sensor on the finger or toe to measure the amount of oxygen in the blood.

  • Doctors inject contrast drugs through the catheter to recreate the visible heart structures on the image of the X -ray. The catheterization of the catheter also measures the pressure and concentration of oxygen in the heart chamber and in blood vessels.

    • Fours Fallot's disease treatments

    Surgery is the only effective treatment for Fallot quartet disease. Surgical options include endocardic repair or shunt creation. The doctor will determine the most appropriate surgery and surgery time based on the patient's condition.

    Repair surgery (Intracardiac Repair) in Vietnam, to treatment of Fallot quartet , surgery is usually performed when a child is under 1 year old. In other countries, 3-6 months earlier. When children are discovered and surgical early, the higher the chance of having normal life is like every other child and avoiding possible complications later.  In Vietnam, there are quite a lot of children with Fallot triples that are operated when they are old due to late detection or many other reasons, when late surgery, the results will not be good. Fallot surgery is performed only in some large cardiovascular centers in our country because this is a fairly complicated surgery. At Vinmec, there have been many patients with Fallot with successful surgery.

    After surgery

    while most babies and adults will progress well after surgery, but later complications can still occur with common conditions such as:

  • Chronic Pulmonary Regurgitation (Chronic Pulmonary Regurgitation), with blood leaked through the lung valve back to the right ventricle.
  • Issues about heart valve such as bleeding back through the valve
  • The holes in the wall between the ventricular heart may continue to leak after surgery or may need surgery.
  • Hydromatical ventricular hypertrophy or left ventricular working abnormally
  • irregular heart rate
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Suddenly heart due to heart

    • Complications can continue during childhood, adolescents and adulthood for those suffering from Fallot. It is very important to regularly monitor with cardiologists to evaluate the patient and determine the appropriate time to perform more interventions or tricks.

    Cardiac arrhythmia is a common condition after surgery and can be treated with drugs, in addition, the doctor may prescribe surgery to treat arrhythmia or transplant of heart rate.

    In addition, as for any surgery, the patient has the risk of infection, abnormal bleeding or blood clots.Continuous care

    After surgery, patients will need to be cared for for a lifetime with a cardiologist such as scheduling regular monitoring appointments to ensure that the surgery or the procedure of successful intervention and monitoring Any new complications.

    Doctors may also recommend that patients limit severe physical activity, especially if there is any leak or obstruction of the pulmonary valve, or arrhythmia.

    Sometimes, antibiotics are also recommended in cases where dental problems to prevent infections can cause endocarditis. Antibiotics are especially important for those who have had endocarditis due to artificial valves or have been repaired with synthetic materials.

    See also:

  • Fallot congenital heart disease surgery
  • Things to know about ultrasound
  • Signs of early identification of congenital heart disease
  • 3 fetal fetal defects to remember

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