Fracture

Fracture's disease overview

The bone is a long, small but sure bone in the lower leg area, outside and parallel to the tibia. The head on the bone does not match the lower end of the femur but only stick to the head on the tibia. The bone body has a prismatic shape, the inner shore is the place where the membrane is clung. The bone with the tibia helps support the lower legs, stabilizing the ankles and knee joints.

Legs fractures are the constant loss of bone, due to the pressure on the bone beyond its load. The bone of the lower leg occurs when the pressure on the bone is not too large.  Traffic accident is the most common cause.

The bone bones instantly bones are quite fast, so when broken the legs, the instant bone of the bone often hinders the instant bone of the tibia.

Causes of Fracture's disease

There are many causes of fractures, occurs when the pressure acts on the bone beyond its bearing capacity. Có thể chia nguyên nhân gãy xương thành 2 nhóm chính theo cơ chế gãy xương:

  • Direct mechanism: occurring when the location of the impact of injury is also the position of a fracture, encountered in strong collision cases such as traffic accidents, heavy objects press on the lower leg. The broken line in this case is usually a horizontal fracture, which can be combined with many fractures.
  • Indirect mechanism: usually due to falling from above to hard background. Some sports such as skateboarding, skiing, regularly performing twisted and rotating movements are also the cause of common fractures.

    • Symptoms of Fracture's disease

    Clinical symptoms of fractures include:

  • Pain: After injury, patients often feel dazzling in the spot. This is a symptom of a fracture.
  • Skin bruises appear late after injury, accompanied by swelling of the broken limb
  • Mechanical loss: The legs are not moving.
  • Deformation: Legs can be curled, seeing a broken head just under the skin. The legs of the fracture are usually shorter than the good side, the axis if the fracture has a deviation.
  • Perseverability if there is a nerve damage.

    • Pain of bones and joints related to the tibia, the outer ankle.

    Transmission route of Fracture's diseaseFracture

    tibia fractures are a traumatic disease, no infectiousness, so it is not transmitted from healthy to patients.

    People at risk for Fracture's disease

    The factors that increase the risk of fractures in general include:

  • Elderly people
  • Women in menopause
  • Smoking
  • Play strong collision sports like football, oval

    • Prevention of Fracture's disease

    Measures to prevent injuries on the bones:

  • Get protective gear when working or playing sports

    • Comply with the basic rules in sports competition

  • Safe driver, reducing the possibility of having traffic accidents
  • For patients with fractures, the following measures will be useful in restoring and accelerating the bone process;
  • rest and restrict the movement of broken legs
  • Lift the bundle of flour bundle
  • Do not use a broken leg as a pillar, should use crutches when moving
  • Eat full of nutrients, especially calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and zinc
  • Do not drink and smoke.

    • Diagnostic measures for Fracture's disease

    The aforementioned clinical symptoms are only suggested to fractures. When suspected, the doctor will specify the diagnostic means to diagnose a case of fracture, including:

  • X -ray of the lower leg: The image of the light line is in a broken position, the continuity of the bone. X -ray film helps assess the properties of broken bones, broken lines, deviations and joint lesions, as well as complications such as delayed bones and fake joints. Need to take the legs in both straight and inclined positions. The film needs to take all the knee and ankle joints.
  • MRI of the legs: Helps assess software lesions and related joints in a more detailed way.

    • Fracture's disease treatments

    The common goal of the treatment of fractures is to fix the broken bone, restore the surgery and function of the bone, treat pain symptoms, prevent complications and rehabilitate. P> How long the fracture is healed, the most concerned by many patients when treated. The time of the bone depends on many factors, which includes:

  • Level of bone damage and software organizations

    • Characteristics of broken bones such as fractures, fractures, deviations if available

    The age of patients

  • Daily diet and diets
  • The level of compliance with the doctor's instructions
  • Selected treatments
  • Some other factors

    • The bone process takes place in 3 stages:

  • Cal fibrous stage: lasts about 1 - 1.5 months from the injury. The blood in the broken socket forms fibrous, fibers to link the fractured bone pieces. This stage achieves good effects when the broken leg is fixed well, the fractures are close to each other.
  • Cartilage Calarity: Start after about 2-3 months from broken
  • Bone calibration stage: takes place from the 3rd month onwards. Then the new bone organization was officially formed in a broken drive.

    • On average, about 5 to 6 weeks of broken bones will be restored. The prognosis of the bone in the lower leg fracture is quite good, even when the fracture is deviated.

    The choice of the treatment of fractures depends mainly on the fracture and the level of injury. There are 2 main treatments:

    Conservation treatment

    This is a treatment that does not need bundles, usually applied in cases of sealed fractures that are less distorted or non -deviated, simple fractures.

  • Bundle of flour: bundles of powder from 1/3 on the thigh to the feet. Should incision along the bundle of foot to avoid complications of compression of the cavity because this is an area with many thick muscle layers. Monitor closely in the first 24-48 hours. Keep the dough in about 8-10 weeks.
  • Rectified with Bohler frame and bundled flour: For cases of sealed fractures, manual adjustments usually do not bring good results. Therefore, patients need to be shaped on Bohler's frame.

    • Patients with fractures are treated for conservation, it is necessary to combine the bone brace or carrying a pedestal to increase the stability of the fracture. Broken legs during bundles of dough do not withstand gravity as good legs, so patients need to use crutches.

    Surgical treatment

    Surgery is indicated for treating fractures in the following cases:

  • Fracture with vascular, nervous lesions
  • There are complicated compression of compartments
  • Open bone fractures
  • Closed fractures for conservation treatment failure such as secondary di or delayed bones, fake joints.

    • Bone surgery using vehicles such as internal nails, screw braces and outer fixed frames.

    Each vehicle combining bones has its own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for each specific case, sometimes used in combination with each other.

    Rehabilitation

    Patients should be instructed to practice rehabilitation exercises during and after treatment. Exercises should be gradually changed from passive, proactive and practicing exercises with tools with increasing levels.

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