Gallstones

Gallstones's disease overview

gallstones is one of the gastrointestinal diseases, occurring when there is the appearance of cholesterol stones, bile pigment stones or mixed stones in gallbladder and bile duct system In the liver, the bile duct.

About 80% of gallstones are mainly due to excessive increased cholesterol in bile fluid, beyond the solubility of bile salts. The remaining 20% ​​may experience bile pigment stones associated with abnormal high concentrations of bilirubin bile pigment.

Normal gallbladder will store bile fluid to help digest fat in food from the liver. When we eat, gallbladder performs function by contraction and secretion of bile into the small intestine. However, if the liver function decreases, poor biliary tract movement causes cholestasis or inflammation, the components in bile fluid will be disturbed and concluded to form gallstones. The appearance of gallstones obstructs the flow of bile fluid, increases the pressure in bile ducts when the gallbladder contracts or causes inflammation, biliary tract damage, gallbladder.

Gallstones can clog bile fluids in batches, if prolonged, it will lead to cholangitis, gallbladder (90% of patients with gallstones are hospitalized due to acute bile, gallbladder) or acute or acute or acute Chronic, acute pancreatitis, more severe, shock due to biliary tract infections, gallbladder necrosis, peritonitis, bacterial infections ... if not treated emergency quickly, promptly, may even cause death .

Liver stones can cause biliary stasis in the liver, causing liver abscess, cirrhosis leading to liver failure to reduce the ability to metabolize in the body.

Causes of Gallstones's disease

Causes of gallstones generally may include:

  • Fasting: Making gallbladder may not be as usual as usual

    • Fast weight loss: causing the liver to create more cholesterol, which can lead to gallstones

  • High blood cholesterol levels
    • obesity: is one of the biggest risk factors. Obesity can increase cholesterol levels and make it difficult to empty gallbladder.
  • Oral contraceptives, use hormonal replacement therapy for menopausal or pregnant symptoms: may increase blood cholesterol levels and increase the risk of stasis. honey in the gallbladder.
  • Chronic disease: like diabetes, ...
  • Hematology: Anemia hemolysis, ...

    • Due to genetics

    Cause of creation of cholesterol stones:

  • Elderly
  • Eat lots of foods with high cholesterol, lots of animal fats
  • Due to many births (women)
  • Due to complications from some gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn's disease, ileum cutting, ...
  • Due to many pharmaceuticals such as Clofibate, Estrogen, ...

    • Cause of molecular pigment stones:

  • Elderly

    • Biliary tract pathology: Concurrent stagnation, bacterial infection or biliary tract parasites Other pathology: cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, Mediterranean anemia, sickle cell anemia

    Symptoms of Gallstones's disease

    Signs of gallstones are usually not specific, easily confused with other diseases such as stomach disease, usually including:

    Stomach pain

    Where is gallstones pain? Most of the cases of gallstones have pain symptoms in the lower right flank, but there are many cases of pain that appears in the epigastric area (the abdomen on the navel and below the breastbone).

    Gallsteers often appear after meals, especially when eating a lot of grease or at night, causing insomnia. A lot of pain and continuous lasting from 30 minutes to several hours.

    Depending on the location of the stone formation, the nature of the pain will vary:

  • Gallbladder stones: When the stones are stuck in the neck of the gallbladder, patients often have severe abdominal pain in the lower right flank.
  • Pebbles in the liver or bile duct: Patients with pain in the lower right flank, spread to the right should or behind the back, epigastric area.
    • digestive disorders

    gallstones hinder bile flow into the digestive tract, leading to bloating, slowdown, anorexia, fear of greasy foods.

    Symptoms of digestive disorders often appear after meals, may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

    Patients need to go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible when one of the following signs:

  • Perfect abdominal pain lasts many hours and does not get better even if you take painkillers.

    • Fever above 38 degrees Celsius, accompanied by chills, sweating.

  • Nausea and vomiting with abdominal feelings.
  • Itchy skin combined with jaundice or yellow eyes.

    • Are gallstones dangerous?

    People at risk for Gallstones's disease

  • Women: Women are at higher risk of gallstones than men due to hormones of female hormones estrogen stimulating liver to increase cholesterol production and excretion into bile fluid
  • A diet rich in saturated fat, low in fiber and green vegetables
    • overweight or obesity: Overweight people with body mass index (BMI)> 25 are at high risk of gallstones
  • The age of 40 or more: The higher the age, the more likely you have gallstones

    • People with digestive disorders or chronic bowelitis: causing the body to reabsorb bile salts poorly, increasing the risk of gallbladder stones

  • Family history of gallstones
  • Quick weight loss
  • Reducing biliary tract movement: people doing office work, sedentary, sitting more or those who are raised through long veins (plant people) are very easy to get This situation

    • Constipation also creates opportunities for intestinal germs to develop, leading to duodenitis, gallbladder and bile ducts, making bile easily settle down into stones Pathology: Metabolic disorders, diabetes, chronic liver disease (fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, hyper enzyme, ...), blood lipid disorders

    Being pregnant: due to hormonal changes and reducing the ability of the gallbladder to contract due to the size of pregnancy

  • Medication:

    • Using long -term contraceptives increases estrogen hormones, thereby increasing the elimination of cholesterol in bile

    Using cholesterol (lowering blood fat) increases cholesterol elimination in bile fluid

    Prevention of Gallstones's disease

    Prevention of gallstones mainly by changing the diet:

  • Fat reduction: Need to limit foods rich in cholesterol such as animal organs, eggs ...

    • Increase protein to increase liver cells that have been damaged, prevent liver fat degeneration. rich in powdered sugar: This food is easy to digest, does not affect the bile and a lot of fiber to help digestion good to avoid constipation.

    rich in vitamin C and B vitamins (to increase fat metabolism and dough) in fresh vegetables and fruits

  • The ratio between nourishing, fat, sugar in adults is 1/0.75/5 and people with gallstones should be 1/0.5/ 5.
  • Food should not be used: tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, fatty fish meat, palm oil, coconut oil ..
  • Foods to use: juice, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, candy with low eggs, lean fish meats such as lean pork tenderloin, beef, snakehead, fish Copy, beans such as soybeans, green beans, black beans. In addition, there are some bile foods such as turmeric, lemon leaves that can be used.
  • To stimulate the gallbladder gently, can use some easy -to -digest fat such as butter, herbal oil, chicken fat duck.
  • Divide many small meals, eat several times a day

    • Diagnostic measures for Gallstones's disease

  • Blood test: Helps to assess liver function and blood cholesterol levels.
  • Imaging diagnosis: abdominal ultrasound, abdominal X-ray, CT scan of abdominal area is an effective method in diagnosis of gallstones

    • Cholesterol stones are usually alone, light and not blocked so they cannot see on X-rays but see on ultrasound. Bile pigment stones are mainly calcium bilirubinat, dark color, often forming a group of stones, much X-rays should be observed on X-ray film.

    Gallstones's disease treatments

    How to reduce temporary gallstones pain:
  • Drink fruit juice: Drink orange juice, lemon juice or vegetable juice. These vitamin -rich drinks are not only good for health but also very delicious, making the spirit more excited, soothing the pain of gallstones.
    • Long -term treatment solutions:

    Treatment of gallstones depending on the composition of stones and the severity of the disease. There are many ways to treat gallstones: use drugs, use vibrating waves to spread the body, surgery to pick gravel, change the diet. If the stones are asymptomatic quiet, they are not treated, only treated when the stones are symptomatic, but the gallstones must be treated even without symptoms.

    Oral medication for gallstones:

    Due to the complexity of structure, position, stone form, there is no general treatment for all stones. Only cholesterol stones can be eroded by drugs that are similar to bile acid.

    Conditions to use gallstones:
  • Stones not greater than 1cm

    • The volume of all gallstones in the gallbladder is not greater than 1/3 of the gallbladder volume

  • Good gallbladder function
  • The bile duct is not blocked
  • Patients who are not taking fat medication, stomach medicine

    • Should take medicine in the afternoon, because the liver often produces bile fluid that promotes the process of stone creation.

    Treatment of gallstones with drugs can last from 3 months to 2 years, the possibility of success is 40-70%. Women must avoid pregnancy while taking the drug.

    Body lithotripsy:

    This method has been used since 1985. The purpose of this method is to reduce the size of the gravel without surgical intervention. This technique is suitable for solitary gallstones or stones stuck in the bile duct that cannot be removed by laparoscopic method.

    However, the method of shooting stones is limited because it is only used for some of the following patients:

  • Solar stones, not calcium stones, with a diameter of less than 2cm

    • Normal blood clotting function

  • There is no phenomenon of cholecystitis or pancreatitis
  • Not for pregnant women

    • After shooting stones can use the drug to dissolve the gravel, the patient can recover completely after a few months, the success rate is about 60-90%. >Surgery to treat gallstones

    is a normal and safe surgery, but some patients may still have complications. About 25% of patients still have unpleasant symptoms after surgery. Therefore, the treatment of gallstones should be treated by conservation methods, only when the above methods fail, the surgery is the last method.

    can get gallstones today with laparoscopic tricks, thus avoiding the patient of a large surgery and shortening the hospital stay

    A healthy diet

    This helps reduce gallstones symptoms such as flatulence, indigestion, and partially preventing the risk of increased stones.

  • Should eat a variety of fresh and drink enough water. /Oul>

    See also:

  • gallbladder stones: When do surgery?
  • Learn to cut cholecystitis caused by gallstones with robotic laparoscopic surgery
  • How is gallbladder stones detected and treated?

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