Giant cell tumor

Giant cell tumor's disease overview

Giant bone cell tumor (Giant cell myeloma or osteiclastoma), often called giant cell tumors, large cell tumors or cancellate cells. This is the most common benign bone tumor in humans, accounting for about 20% of benign bone tumors in general. However, there are about 5-10% of cases of progressive malignant giant cells , metastasis to other organs. Female patients are more common, 1.3 -1.5 times higher than men, most young women, about 30-40 years old.

giant cell tumor often appears at long bones, most commonly at the top of the thigh, tip bone and lower bone, rotating bone. Some other bones can also damage such as bones, arm bones, even tooth holes of the jawbone, the spine. Most cases are only damaged in one position, the right spend is more than the left. In giant cell tumor , bone cancellation occurs due to the tumor is made up of many cell cancellation. This is also the reason why the disease is also known as cell cancellation. In addition to canceling the cells, fibroblasts, tissue, fibroblasts and vascular -rich associated organizations are also components that make up a giant cell tumor. Giant cell tumor can be divided into 3 stages based on histological characteristics:

Stage 1: Small u, clear boundaries, benign histical characteristics, bone shells have not been destroyed.

Stage 2: U increase size, bone damage spreads more, the bone shell becomes thinner but has not been destroyed. Bone tissue still retains benign characteristics.

Stage 3: U increase proliferation, invade the surrounding software organizations, seeing on X -ray images of CTSCAN bone X -ray. Blood vessels increase a lot, the characteristics are still benign.

Giant cell tumor progresses slowly in silence, the recurrence rate is quite high if not detected in time, the patient may have to cut off, become disabled , greatly affecting the psychology and daily life of the patient.

Causes of Giant cell tumor's disease

The cause of giant cell tumor is still controversial. Many theories believe that the defects from the blood vessel system of the bones of the disease, the phenomenon of bleeding at the tip of the bone, and the other factors are the agent of stimulation, changing the polygon leukocyt cells in Blood into cancellation of disease. This hypothesis explains the process of giving birth to a reaction disease. In other cases, there is a relationship between giant cell tumor and paget disease. This is a disease characterized by the phenomenon of irregular calcium, lesions in the form of lumps, mass, bone tip often thick, fibrous, alternating with areas of bone and bone deformed. Paget pathology is the result of bone vascular abnormalities for a long time.

Symptoms of Giant cell tumor's disease

Clinical symptoms of giant cell tumors are not specific, the degree of manifestation depends on the stage of the disease.

Early stage: At this stage, the tumor size is usually small so it usually does not cause any clinical symptoms.

Progressive phase: tumor increases rapidly in size, begins to invade and destroy the bone membrane. The most common symptom that patients face pain, appear slowly, gradually increasing. Pain in the damaged bone position such as lumbar spine pain, thigh pain, with limits of movement, joint effusion if the tumor is nearby, invasive the joints of joints and software organizations around joint.

Because the bone destruction process occurs strongly in patients with giant cell tumors, many patients still experience pathological fractures. This can also be the first and only clinical manifestation in some patients.

Transmission route of Giant cell tumor's diseaseGiant cell tumor

Giant bone cell tumor is not transmitted from sick people to healthy people.

People at risk for Giant cell tumor's disease

People with a family history of relatives with giant cell tumors are likely to have high disease, so they need to be alert, see a doctor as soon as there are abnormal symptoms.

Prevention of Giant cell tumor's disease

There is no effective preventive measure to prevent cell disease. In order to limit the serious complications that the disease causes, patients need to visit the health at the healthcare when they experience abnormal symptoms such as pain, limiting movement, etc., especially young women.

Diagnostic measures for Giant cell tumor's disease

Subclinical tests and diagnostic means plays a core role in the diagnosis of a giant cell tumor.

Quantifying calcium, blood phosphorus: Eliminate other diseases that cause impaired bone quality such as parathyroid glands.

X -ray X -ray: Giant cell tumor manifests on X -ray film with full four characteristics:

Lesions appear localized on the core bones. This is a very specific feature of the disease.

Bone lesions at long bone tip must match the joints. If there is a clear partition between lesions and joints, the giant cell tumor diagnosis should not be set. This feature is not used with flat bones such as pelvis, jawbone because they do not have joint surfaces.

Lesions are in the eccentric position compared to the bone shaft. Some cases are too large and spread, so it is difficult to evaluate whether or not the eccentricity is actually or not.

Lesions have clear boundaries, usually in the head area.

The tumor usually does not show inner calcium and often does not have a bone reaction as in the cases of malignant bone tumors.

CT scan of bone or osteoarthritis MRI: Assessing adjacent and bone software damage.

Bone biopsy as surgery: This is a diagnostic measure to identify giant cell tumors. The pathological characteristics of the tumor include: many giant multi -core cells and round -core, or oval cells. The nucleus of the giant cell and the same buffer cells. The number of cells in the organization is very large, observing the dense cell density, the number of nuclei in each cell can reach hundreds. The connective tissue in the tumor is poor and sparse. Observing tumors with the naked eye can see the reddish brown tumor with many hemorrhage necrotic foci, alternating with lipid organizations with yellow deposition.

Giant cell tumor's disease treatments

Surgical treatment is the main method in giant cellular treatment . Medical treatment often plays a supportive role in reducing symptoms, especially indicated in cases of anti -surgery.

Surgical surgery methods to remove damaged bone organizations, restore bone shape and replace joints to restore the function of movement for patients

Dredging: is the most common surgical method. The doctor only proceeds to remove the mere tumor organization, coordinate with chemical pumps such as phenol or liquid nitrogen to cancel the remaining organizations. After that, bone grafting can be carried out, or filled with cement with tumors.

Widely remove tumors: When the tumor is large, invasive surrounding organizations, or tumor recurrence many times, the surgeon will proceed to remove the tumor Attached to the surrounding organizations.

Bone shaping after removing all lesions.

drugs

drug groups are often prescribed for patients with giant cell tumors including:

Common painkillers such as paracetamol, codeine, nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.

bisphosphonate: Helps improve symptoms and reduce recurrence rate after interventions. Denosumab: is a drug chosen to treat osteoporosis and diseases of bone properties. Some other treatments may be considered such as

Radiation therapy: In cases of surgical contraindications for severe coordination diseases.

The bone brace in Chi is damaged to prevent fracture complications

Surgery to replace joints. monitoring

In the first 2 years after treatment, patients need to be monitored every 3 months, then need to be re -examined every 6 months or a year for at least 5 years. The monitoring includes a comprehensive assessment of symptoms, and indicating image tests such as bone X -ray and CT scan, chest and pots to detect metastatic cases if any.

See also:

Successfully cut the giant enamel tumor

What is tumor imprints?

What is cancer? The difference between cancer cells and normal cells

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