Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis's disease overview

What is

glomerulonephritis?

glomerulonephritis is a glomerular inflammation that includes glomerular inflammation and blood vessels in the kidneys. The kidney has the function of dialysis to create urine, excreting waste, adjusting electrolytes in addition to the function of maintaining the stability of blood pressure, involved in the hematopoietic process. So if the lesions in the glomerular may have manifestations such as edema, hypertension, urine changes, anemia, ... If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can lead to kidney failure. Seriously affecting the quality of life even death.

glomerulonephritis is divided into 2 forms: acute glomerulonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis. Each clinical form has different causes and clinical characteristics.

Acute glomerulonephritis is an acute inflammation in the glomeruli. The disease appears after the bacterial infection of Beta bacterial soluble group A due to skin infection or after sore throat. A immune complex disease largely recovered after 4-6 weeks. And rid of chronic glomerulonephritis is a chronic inflammation in the glomeruli, the disease progresses over months, many years leading to atrophy of both kidneys. The disease moves into exacerbations and eventually becomes chronic renal failure. The disease is due to different causes.

Diagnosis of glomerulonephritis is very important because each disease has different clinical manifestations, thereby orienting the cause, giving appropriate diagnosis and treatment, bringing treatment effect to treatment Patients.

Causes of Glomerulonephritis's disease

glomerulonephritis due to the following causes:

Sore throat or skin infections due to Beta -soluble streptococcal bacterial bacteria in some types of acute glomerulonephritis. Some common types are: type 4,12,13,25,31,49. Acute glomerulonephritis usually occurs after streptococcal infection from 10 to 15 days. The most common cause in acute glomerulonephritis

Systemic erythematosus: Antibodies in the system of erythematosus system can attack kidney tissue and damage kidney function
Diabetes: Unsectized blood sugar leads to complications such as great damage to the kidneys
Berger disease (IgA kidney disease: IgA antibodies accumulated in kidney tissue causing tissue damage)

localized glomerular fibrosis: Renal tissue scars affect function and cause kidney syndrome.

Unsontrollable hypertension

Some drugs, chemicals Other causes: Henoch-Scholein allergic capillary, small node vasculitis, glomerulonephritis in lerer, goodpasture syndrome, ...

Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis's disease

Glomeritis symptoms are very diverse. The disease can take place in a secret secret, the patient does not know if he or she is ill, without clinical symptoms, only microscopic red blood cells and proteinuria or the disease can develop very frantically. The main symptom of glomerulonephritis is:
suitable

edema is a clinical symptom typical of glomerular disease, other kidney diseases without edema. So when appearing edema needs to think of glomerular disease.

The patient felt severe face, 2 eyelids, edema, soft edema. The edema usually in the morning, the afternoon decreases with a small, dark urination.

Flemes are common in the first 10 days and quickly reduce urinating patients. It is a sign of remission in acute glomerulonephritis.
For chronic glomerulonephritis symptoms can be discreetly, the patient does not detect still active activities can also be very large, edema, soft edema Clear concave press may be accompanied by ascites, pleural effusion, testicular effusion.

Hypertension

Hypertension is a common clinical symptom. For glomerulonephritis, blood pressure may occur regularly during acute phase, there may be a hypertension that lasts for many days with severe headaches, dizziness, coma is the cause of leading. to death in acute glomerulonephritis.

For non -frequent chronic glomerulonephritis, increased batches often appear in exacerbations, which is a sign of early start of the disease. Regular hypertension is a sign of the opening of chronic renal failure without recovery

prolonged hypertension causes damage to the bottom of the eye, heart failure, stroke, ...

Hematopoiia in acute glomerulonephritis

Bleeding in the whole beach, urine such as meat water or like amaranth broth, no freezing, daily urinating bleeding 1-2 times, irregular, appearing, appearing In the first week, but may reappear for 2-3 weeks. The number of urinating blood gradually, 3-4 days once and then completely.

bleeding in acute glomerulonephritis does not affect the general condition of the body. Microscopic hematuria may last for several months. Hematuria is an important sign in the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis, if there is no bleeding, it is necessary to review the diagnosis.

urine transformation

Digestation: Urine mass below 500ml/day is common in the first week of the disease lasting 3-4 days, may recur with 3-4 weeks. In some cases, there may

Urine test with proteinuria 0.5-2g/ day, need to do 24-hour proteinuria test to quantify the exact amount of protein lost through urine. Is a factor for prognosis and treatment effectiveness. The higher the protein in the urine is heavier, whereas if the protein is negative, the disease is recovered

In addition, urine tests also have signs such as microscopic red blood cells that last for several months, urinary pillars. The urinary red blood cell is a prognosis factor for chronic glomerulonephritis, the ureter is still positive, the risk of recurrence is still
Biochemistry: Assessing kidney function through urea and creatinin: seeing these two indicators do not increase or increase significantly. Increased cases with acute renal failure. If glomerulonephritis progresses rapidly, recurring many urea and creatinine increases often. The chemical also has reduced blood protein, increasing blood lipid

Some other symptoms:

Manifestations of heart failure in acute glomerulonephritis

Mild fever 37.5oC - 38.5oC

Painful or severe lumbar pain

Abdominal pain, mild abdominal pain, nausea, loose; Many cases of acute glomerulonephritis begin with acute abdominal pain

Anemia: A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis may have anemia, blue skin, pale mucosa, or dizziness, headache may be due to nutrition or chronic kidney failure Leading to chronic anemia

People at risk for Glomerulonephritis's disease

After the Beta A blood soluble streptococcal infection due to acute pharyngitis, skin infections

Diabetes
Systemic Red Reds

Acute recurrent glomerulonephritis into chronic glomerulonephritis
Using some drugs and chemicals that affect the glomeruli

Unsontrollable hypertension

Prevention of Glomerulonephritis's disease

Solving infections, especially chronic infections in the throat, amydal cuttal pus, treating otitis media, etc. Bacteria swelling pus on the skin.

If the cause of Beta A blood soluble bacteria should use penicillin for treatment and long -term treatment according to the regimen

No excessive labor to avoid special cold infections in the first 6 months
Patients need to be treated and monitored closely at a special hospital in the acute phase, monitoring at least 1 year

Diet: Eat salt reduction, absolute restriction in 2-4 weeks depending on the level, depending on the level of edema and high blood pressure that limit water depending on the case, considering the processing Protein limited diet in case of acute glomerulonephritis with kidney failure

Monitoring at home: resting at beds for about 2-4 weeks, measuring daily blood pressure, monitoring the amount of urine, after the stage of physical activity light force.

Prevention of acute glomerulonephritis is to detect, diagnose and treat promptly and effectively with infections of the nasopharyngeal and skin, especially in children You; Note the cases of streptococcal infection. People who have acute glomerulonephritis should be monitored regularly at least 1 year after discharge to detect and treat complications in time, prevent the disease from becoming chronic. Chronic infections such as chronic tonsillitis, tooth decay are necessary but should only be done when the patient is stable.

Diagnostic measures for Glomerulonephritis's disease
Diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis
Based on the following criteria:

Phu.

Bloody or micro -bleeding.
proteinuria (++).
Hypertension.

Appears after streptococcal infection in the throat or outside the skin, Aslo (+); happens in children.

Mandatory standards are proteinuria and erythrocytes, combined with signs of streptococcal infection.Diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis
chronic glomerulonephritis must be based on 4 main symptoms as follows:

Phu.

proteinuria.
red blood cells.

Hypertension.

There are 2 mandatory symptoms: proteinuria and erythrocytes. When diagnosing chronic glomerulonephritis must be based on the following conditions:

Meet in adults (above, under 20 years old).

Unknown reasons.
The disease lasts over 6 months.
Increase urea and creatinin.
Chronic glomerulonephritis often has bad prognosis, prognosis depends on the time of illness, whether or not with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, dependent on intact The cause of the disease and the combined diseases. Chronic renal failure appears after 10-20 years from the time of illness.
Increasing urea and creatinin is a manifestation of renal function impairment, but the results may be incorrect, affected by many factors and time -consuming. Therefore, to assess the kidney function, there is a modern method, with high accuracy that is the renal function.
Radio -functional radius is usually applied at nuclear medical unit at Vinmec Hospital. Radioma function to assess kidney function by using modern measurement devices with high accuracy. With good quality images, functional renal radiography has become an indispensable technique to explore kidney function, contributing to improving the effectiveness of diagnosis of the urinary system.How is
How to be diagnosed with glomerulonephritis?

Glomerulonephritis's disease treatments

Depending on the clinical glomerulonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis, there is a different treatment direction. Acute glomerulonephritis is usually better prognosis. Acute glomerulonephritis can lead to chronic glomerulonephritis. Prolonged chronic glomerulonephritis leads to non -recovery chronic kidney failure. Therefore, it is necessary to follow treatment, limit complications, prolong the time to turn into chronic kidney failure
Treatment includes

Rest: No overwork in the first 6 months, eat lightly, avoid infections, cold infections, long -term monitoring

Treatment of the cause: If the cause of the infection, the use of antibiotics is necessary. Using antibiotics is less toxic to the kidneys, oral use is mainly. For the reason due to the common antibiotic streptococcus is the intramuscular penicillin

Symptomatic treatment:

edema: Use drugs as directed

Hypertension can use groups of drugs such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers

corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs in chronic glomerulonephritis

See also:

Radiology Review kidney function

The danger of acute glomerulonephritis

What is acute glomerulonephritis? Why do you have acute glomerulonephritis?

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Glomerulonephritis