Heartitis

Heartitis's disease overview

Myocarditis is a dangerous disease, which can include people of all ages and gender or even myocarditis in children. Causes of myocarditis is quite diverse, can originate from viruses, bacteria, other infections, or simply due to the side effects of the drug treatment Other diseases. 

1. What is myocarditis?  

Myocarditis is an infection of myocardial cells, which can take place in a local or spreading position, due to infection (such as viruses, bacteria, fungi ...) or agents. No infection ..

Causes of Heartitis's disease

2. Causes of myocarditis

Infectious or non -infections can be the cause of myocarditis. 

2.1 Causes of myocarditis caused by infections: Heart, however, it is often difficult to diagnose correctly. 
  • bacteria: streptococcus, staphylococcus, diphtheria, ...
  • Mushroom: Candida, Aspergillus, ...
  • Parasite: Toxoplasma, trypanosoma cruzi, ...
    • 2.2 Causes of myocarditis caused by non -infection agents:

    Anthracycline drug groups (Daunorubicin, Adriamycin), cocaine, CO, lupus, giant cellular vasculitis, takayasu, .. also considered one of the causes of myocarditis. 

    If the patient is taking other drugs to treat the disease, there is the possibility of drug allergic reactions or unwanted side effects, including myocarditis. The drugs that are at risk of this condition include cancer medications, some antibiotics (such as penicillin and sulfonamide), some anti -epileptic drugs, and addictive substances such as cocaine. 

    For people living in a environment of toxic chemicals, the risk of myocarditis is also higher due to continuous contact with harmful substances. 

    Among the causes related to autoimmune, the body's immune system does not recognize properly and attacks healthy myocardial tissue, instead of fighting bacteria or viruses as usual. 

    2.3 Causes of huge cell myocarditis

    Huge cell myocarditis is a rare form, often serious. The cause of the disease has not been clearly defined, but it may be related to the autoimmune mechanism. The biopsy results often show the typical giant cell accumulation. 

    3. Is myocarditis dangerous? 

    Myocarditis may not affect any effect, even life -threatening. The disease can affect the heart rate regulatory system, causing dangerous, difficult to control arrhythmia. In addition, the disease can lead to dynamic heart failure even causing cardiac shock, and potentially causing heart muscle disease in the future. Specifically:

  • Myocarditis may be localized or widespread. Inflammation can spread into the pericardium, forming myocarditis-from the heart. The spread of the damage to the heart muscle and the surrounding membranes decides symptoms. The spread of lesions can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia and sometimes causing a heart mutation. 
  • Localities often cause less heart failure, but can lead to arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest. Damage to pericardium causes chest pain and other typical symptoms of pericarditis. Some patients may have no symptoms, whether the heart muscle lesions are only localized or spread. 

    • Symptoms of Heartitis's disease

    4. Symptoms of myocarditis

    symptoms of myocarditis can manifest from mild to very severe. Patients may appear not outbreaks, or show significant serious heart failure or critical arrhythmia. Symptoms depend on the cause of the disease, as well as the extent of spreading and the seriousness of damage. Common symptoms such as:

  • Signs of infection: fever, flu, pain ...
  • Chest pain
  • Difficulty breathing depending on the level of heart failure
  • Arrhythmic disorders: extra -syllable, ventricular tachycardia ...
  • Serious cases showing the symptoms of cardiac shock including reduced blood pressure, cold feeling in limbs, little urination, difficulty breathing continuously, and may show signs of pulmonary edema grant. 
    • 5 Sudden development. This disease especially affects young children due to the weak immune system. Symptoms include left chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, fast breathing and shortness of breath, fever, skin and pale lips, body aches. 

    Fast progression of myocarditis: When symptoms such as mild fever, headache, muscle fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain tend to increase, need to quickly go to the hospital. In particular, severe shortness of breath and severe chest pain may be a sign of rapid progression of myocarditis, which is at risk of causing dangerous complications if not intervened in time. 

    Giant cellular cellitis: This is a rare form of myocarditis with extremely serious developments. The cause of myocarditis in this case has not been confirmed but may be related to autoimmune mechanism. Symptoms include shock, anti -ventricular arrhythmia, or cardiac obstruction. The disease has a bad prognosis and should be eliminated early, especially in the case of sudden heart failure or anti -treatment arrhythmia. Immune inhibitors promptly improve survival rate. 

    Chronic myocarditis: When the treatment of prolonged myocarditis has not improved, or the disease recurs after treatment, the disease may turn to a chronic phase. The cause is often associated with autoimmune disorders, making inflammation longer and more complicated. 

    People at risk for Heartitis's disease

    6. Subjects at risk of

    subjects with myocarditis may include people of all ages and gender or even myocarditis in children. However, some groups are higher than:

  • People with infections: It can often come from an untreated or improperly treated infection. There are other cardiovascular disease, such as coronary artery or heart failure, which is more likely to get the disease. The work of your own cells and tissue, which can be the cause of the disease. Can cause myocarditis. However, myocarditis can also occur without a clear cause. It is important to consult a doctor and perform the necessary tests to give accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

    Prevention of Heartitis's disease

    7. Prevention of myocarditis

  • Limit exposure to infections: wear masks, wash hands regularly, and maintain safe distance or limit contact with people infected with viruses, influenza, or need to have Protection vehicles when exposed. 
  • Check and treat related diseases: checking and treating other diseases such as diabetes, thrombosis, and high blood lipids, because they can increase the risk of disease . 
  • Perform a healthy lifestyle: Manage stress by practicing deep breathing, yoga or meditation to reduce pressure on the heart. At the same time, there is a nutrient balance diet
  • Periodic health checks: Periodic health checks, especially if there is a family history or other risk factors. 
  • Preventing vaccine such as influenza vaccine, hepatitis B, ... to prevent the cause of myocarditis due to infection

    • Myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease caused by infection that causes myocardial damage, potentially the risk of dangerous complications and may even be life -threatening. Regular health checks at medical facilities are recommended for patients and their relatives. This helps early detection and timely treatment, thereby preventing serious complications and minimizing the risk of death. 

    Diagnostic measures for Heartitis's disease

    8. Diagnosis methods

    ECG

    The electrocardiogram often shows signs of st difference in many relations, indicating the condition of donary heart inflammation. It is necessary to clearly distinguish so as not to be confused with the difference of ST transform in the case of myocardial infarction.

    heart image diagnosis

    Heart doppler ultrasound has the ability to assess heart function and dysplasia disorders due to myocarditis, not related to coronary perfusion zone.

    For patients with chest pain and coronary risk factors, accompanied by an increase in heart enzyme, also need to perform coronary angiography through the skin to eliminate myocardial infarction, if the condition is for magic.

    endothelial biopsy

    Myocardial biopsy, when there is signs of infection and necrosis of neighboring myocardial cells, is considered a gold standard for diagnosis. However, this test has a low sensitivity to the detection of myocarditis due to errors during sampling. Therefore, positive biopsy results identify myocarditis, but negative results do not exclude this possibility.

    In addition, the implementation of myocardial biopsy can cause many complications, including heart rupture and death. Therefore, do not proceed on a regular basis. Myocardial biopsy should be conducted in cases of serious heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, heart block or when biopsy results will affect the choice of treatment, as in the case of giant cellular cellitis. , where timely treatment can reduce mortality. However, this measure has not been implemented in Vietnam.

    Testing

    Blood tests, besides checking infection indicators, especially need to pay attention to troponin t or troponin I, these are indicators showing myocardial damage. Based on that, to diagnose myocardial damage. In addition, NT-Probnp, blood lactate is also needed to assess the level of heart failure, organ perfusion.

    Heart magnetic resonance

    Heart magnetic resonance is also a means of high diagnostic value, but rarely performed in the stage

    Heartitis's disease treatments

    9. Treatment methods

    Treatment of myocarditis can be treated in medical, but in cases of cardiac shock, may need support for the body. However, in these cases, high mortality and large treatment costs.

    For medical treatment, during acute, there is no specific treatment, which focuses on the treatment of symptoms. Most acute myocarditis has the ability to recover and less affect the heart function. However, there are also some cases that can cause heart failure and relaxing cardiomyopathy. Treatment at this stage focuses on the treatment of heart failure, the use of drugs recommended for heart failure treatment.

    In severe cases, it may be necessary to use supportive vascular drugs, however, it is often necessary to use the body -circulating support (ECMO). Acute myocarditis can affect the heart rate transmission system and cause dangerous arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia or atrial block. In these cases, temporary pacemaker may be placed for support.

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