Hematopsleus syndrome

Hematopsleus syndrome's disease overview

Hemotic hemolytic syndrome (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-HUS) is a characteristic disease by hemolysis, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney trauma. Hematopsius syndrome (HUS) is a possible condition when small blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged and inflammation can form blood clots. Blood clots clog the filtration system in the kidneys and lead to kidney failure, which can be life -threatening. Anyone can have urea hemolytic syndrome but it is most common in young children. Most cases are due to Escherichia coli infection that produces shiga (STEC).

Hematopause syndrome can cause life -threatening complications, including: kidney failure, can suddenly (acute) or develop over time (chronic), high blood pressure, Stroke or convulsions, coma, coagulation disorders can lead to bleeding, cardiovascular, digestive problems, ...

Hemorrhage syndrome pathology is a serious condition but timely and appropriate treatment often leads to complete recovery for most people, especially children. Small.

Most children with hemolytic syndrome increased hematuria after diarrhea completely clinically recovered. Long -term often show signs of chronic kidney damage, manifested by proteinuria, hypertension or kidney failure. This manifestation occurs in about 30% of children with prolonged illness, with anuria for more than a week or a minimum of more than two weeks. There are also children who do not recover after the acute phase, the prognosis of poor when the disease does not progress within two weeks and the disease recurs.

The timely detection and treatment is very special for children who can completely recover. If the late detection may experience dangerous complications even death.

Causes of Hematopsleus syndrome's disease

The most common cause of hemolytic syndrome in children especially in children under 5 years old is infected with certain strains of E.coli bacteria. Most of the hundreds of E. coli types are normal and harmless. But some E.coli strains cause diarrhea. Some E.coli strains cause diarrhea also produce a toxin called Shiga toxin. These strains are called E. coli producing toxin Shiga (STEC). When infected with a STEC strain, Shiga toxin can penetrate your blood and damage your blood vessels, which can lead to HUS. But most people infected with E. coli, even more dangerous strains, do not develop HUS.

Other causes of HUS may include:

  • Other infections, such as infection with pneumococcal bacteria, immunodeficiency viruses in humans (HIV) or influenza

    • The use of some drugs, especially some drugs used to treat cancer and some drugs used to inhibit the immune system of the recipient. /p>

  • Rarely, HUS can occur as a complication of pregnancy or health conditions such as autoimmune or cancer

    • Other bacteria may also include Shigella, Samonella and some other non -specific intestinal bacteria.

    Symptoms of Hematopsleus syndrome's disease

    Signs and symptoms of HUS may vary, depending on the cause. Most cases of HUS are caused by certain strains of E.coli bacteria, first influencing the digestive tract. The initial signs and symptoms of this form may include:

  • Diarrhea, usually blood
  • Abdominal pain, cramps or flatulence
    • vomit

    Fever

    All types of HUS - regardless of the cause - damage blood vessels. This lesions cause red blood cells to be broken (anemia), blood clots formed in blood vessels and kidney damage. The signs and symptoms of these changes include:

  • Blue skin, pale mucosa
  • Difficulty breathing

    • Easy to bruise or bruise for unknown reasons

  • Abnormal bleeding, such as nose bleeding and mouth
  • urination or blood in urine
  • Swelling (edema) legs, feet or ankles, and less common on the face, arms, legs or the whole body
  • Confused, convulsive or stroke
  • High blood pressure

    • In addition, clinical symptoms also depend on the clinical form. Hemorrhagic syndrome has three clinical hematoma. Different forms of clinical manifestations, but they have many things in common. 

  • The thrombocytopenic hemorrhage is common in women in the age of 10-50. The characteristic symptoms are fever, thrombocytopenia (usually combined with hemorrhage), with neurological abnormalities, hemolytic anemia, micro -disease and kidney failure. The onset of the disease often has influenza syndrome, progressing to the appearance of hemorrhage, neurological symptoms, renal failure.

    • Children's body: Hemorrhagic syndrome in children, typically starts after bacterial infection or intestinal virus infection. Often vomiting, severe diarrhea, toxic poisoning caused by Escherichia Coli is released, or toxins from other bacteria. The kidney failure is worse than the thrombocytopenic hemorrhage type. Animal encountered in 50% of patients, hypertension is also common.

    Adults: Hematopause syndrome-hemolytic syndrome in adults is usually primary. Although there are some cases that are combined with a number of other conditions or pathology, such as special pregnancy in the last three months, lupus, oral contraceptives with estrogen, gastrointestinal mucosa, cancer. Pancreas, prostate cancer, chemotherapy with mitomycin or in combination with bleomycin and cyplastin, oral cyclosporin. The stage of gastritis is similar to children's categories, may occur but not often.

    People at risk for Hematopsleus syndrome's disease

    There are many factors that can increase the risk of HUS including:

  • Age: Children under 5 years of age are often at risk of this disease.
    • genetic: People with certain genetic changes make them susceptible to illness. 

    Prevention of Hematopsleus syndrome's disease

    Meat or product infected with E. coli can lead to hemolytic syndrome to protect against E. coli infection and other foods that taken the following precautions:

  • Wash your hands carefully before eating and after using the toilet and changing diapers.
  • Cleaning foods and food surfaces regularly.
  • cooked, boiling and drinking
  • Dissolence meat in a microwave or refrigerator.
  • Keep food separately from instant food. Do not place cooked meat on a plate previously polluted by raw meat.
  • Storage of meat below produces in the refrigerator to reduce the risk of liquid as blood dripping on the product.

    • Diagnostic measures for Hematopsleus syndrome's disease

    Diagnostic tests

  • Hematology test: reducing the number of platelets, reducing the number of red blood cells, increasing the number of white blood cells.
  • Blood biochemical test: URE, increased blood creatinine
  • Urine test: There may be red blood cells, red blood cells in urine. Children and adult form, normal urine test
    • Other tests: normal blood tests. Fecal tests can be positive for E. Coli Sero Type 0157: H7.
  • Sample stool. This test can detect E. coli bacteria producing toxins and other bacteria that can cause HUS.

    • Nephrotic biopsy: If acute diseases see platelet thrombosis and fibrin in small arteries, arteries and glomerular capillaries, glomerulonephritis. If the disease is semi -acute or chronic, the damage to the arteries, thickness of the shell -like artery walls like malignant hypertension or sclerosis. Kidney disease lesions have the meaning of prognosis.

  • If the cause of the HUS is unclear, the doctor may also recommend additional tests to help determine the cause.

    • Hematopsleus syndrome's disease treatments

    Hemorrhage-soluble syndrome often causes serious complications for both children and adults, which can die, especially when acute renal failure.

    The goal of treatment is to restore the number of platelets. Recovery of platelets will respond to both necrotic damage caused by anemia caused by platelet thrombosis and bleeding caused by platelets. About 60% of patients who are treated can recover completely. Children have better prognosis than adults.

    Treatment includes:

  • Red blood cell transmission and platelets are necessary. However, there are two potential complications of platelet transmission that should be emphasized. Firstly, it can cause acute kidney failure due to thrombosis during platelets. Secondly, new neurological symptoms may be worse or worse than old neurological symptoms. The above two risks are caused by platelet agents that still exist in the patient's blood.
  • Drugs: Prednisolon high doses of 2 mg/kg/day, lonely use, may have a light effect. However, if after 48 hours the number of platelets does not increase, it is necessary to consider indicating instead of plasma. Platelet resistant agents such as aspirin and dipidamol are not effective when used alone, but there may be some benefits when adding plasma replacement.
  • Plasma or replacement plasma is the most effective method. Replace plasma with fresh plasma or frozen more effectively only infusion of lonely plasma. The benefit of plasma replacement helps eliminate platelet agents, and allows more frozen plasma transmission than plasma transfusion and more than the amount of plasma removed. Change plasma should be conducted daily until the number of platelets returns to normal, and the phenomenon of hemolysis stops. This process requires an average of 7-8 times to change plasma. Kidney function will return to normal or progress for about a week.
  • dialysis outside the kidneys may be necessary when acute renal failure. Sometimes dialysis is necessary to filter waste and liquid excess from the blood. Dialysis is usually a temporary treatment until the kidneys begin to work fully. But if you have significant kidney damage, you may need long -term dialysis.
  • Renal transplantation. Some people suffer from serious kidney damage from the final HUS will need kidney transplant.

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