Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B's disease overview

Hepatitis B is an infection caused by a virus that attacks the liver and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis, estimated to have nearly one -third of the world's population suffering from the disease. , the most incidence in developing countries.

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause of liver disease in Vietnam such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vietnam is a country with a high rate of hepatitis B; It is estimated that about 8.6 million people infected with hepatitis B virus B. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection rate is estimated at 8.8% in women and 12.3% in men.

Diseases spread through contact with blood or other fluids of the infected human body. The transmission line hepatitis B is from Vietnam to child. 

Currently hepatitis B is a disease that can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine has been put into use since 1982. The effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine reaches 95% in preventing infection and its chronic consequences. In Vietnam, hepatitis B vaccine for all newborns has been implemented since 2003.

Causes of Hepatitis B's disease

caused by viruses - (HBV).

This virus can survive 30 minutes at 100 degrees Celsius; At -20 degrees Celsius can live for 20 years.

Virus hepatitis B can exist outside the body for at least 7 days. During this time, the virus can still cause infection if invading the body of a person who has not been vaccinated. The average incubation period of hepatitis B virus is 75 days, but can range from 30 to 180 days.

Symptoms of Hepatitis B's disease

Symptoms of acute hepatitis B

incubation time from 1 to 6 months. Most people do not experience any symptoms during acute infection. However, some people can experience the symptoms of hepatitis B in the first week, including jaundice and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain (lower right flank). Severe cases will have symptoms of drowsiness, or drowsiness, wandering and touching the liver.

Clinical manifestations: Fever, jaundice (1 week after being infected and can last up to 1-3 months), liver enlargement, spleen. Rarely see the palms of the lipstick or the "Spider Nevi" (SPIDER NEVI "(Tiny blood vessels shaped as a spider like a flower on the skin)

Chronic hepatitis

most chronic hepatitis patients have no symptoms. Some of the other severe chronic inflammation still have symptoms of acute inflammation such as fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain.

Clinical manifestations: Liver, lipstick palms, "Spider Nevi". When chronic disease long-term leads to complications of cirrhosis, the patient may have a bloating, jaundice, esophageal and stomach venous bleeding, and the circulation of the door system- the owner due to increased portal vein pressure (large veins see on the skin and emerge from the navel shape of jellyfish), female mammary glands in men, small testicles (because the liver failure disrupts the sex hormone concentration in the body)

Transmission route of Hepatitis B's diseaseHepatitis B

How does hepatitis B spread ?

Diseases spread through contact with blood or other fluids of the infected human body. Virus hepatitis B is very contagious. The possibility of infection is 100 times higher than HIV.

Which of the hepatitis B is transmitted ?

There are 3 contagious lines of hepatitis B, including: blood sugar, from mother to child, love path

Hepatitis B transmission from mother to child:
  • The very special HBV transmission line, mostly occurs during the period of birth or the first months after birth, does not spread through the placenta, this is a common and most important way of infection.

    • The degree of infection depends on the concentration of hepatitis B virus (HBV DNA) and the mother's HBeAg condition in the last 3 months of pregnancy. If the mother has a high level of HBV and HBeAg (+), the higher the ability to transmit the child.

  • If the mother has HBsAg, the ratio is about 20%. If the mother has HBCAG, the rate of transmission to the child is about 90%, if the mother has HBeAg, the child is prone to chronic hepatitis. However, this can be completely prevented, if the vapcin injection is for children within 12 hours after birth.

    • The hepatitis B virus in breast milk with very low concentrations, so the transmission is mainly due to babies biting into the breast, causing scratches, bleeding leading to infection. P> Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood: The risk of infection will be very high. HBV is also found in other body fluids such as vaginal fluid, semen, breast milk, saliva, sweat, urine, feces, bile fluid, so when the skin or mucosa is damaged and exposed to fluids This can also be infected with HBV but with a very low rate.

  • Reuse needles and syringes: The transmission of the disease can also occur through the reuse of needles and syringes in the health care environment or between injection people Drugs.

    • Bloody infection: Hepatitis B virus occurs during health, surgery and dental, through tattoos or through the use of razor and similar objects Self -contaminated infected blood. Hepatitis B sexually transmitted:

    When unprotected sex (no condoms or sex tools) with people with hepatitis super Vi B, you will also be likely to be infected with HBV. The virus in the secretion of the infected person will penetrate your body through small scratches and then, invading the blood causing HBV infection. The form of special sexual transmission is common in men who are not vaccinated with homosexual sex with many partners or sex with prostitutes.

    People at risk for Hepatitis B's disease

  • Those who often have to blood transfusion or blood products, patients with dialysis, people with organ transplants.
  • People living in prisons.
  • Injecting drugs.
  • Domestic and sexual contact of people infected with chronic HBV.
  • People with many partners.
  • Medical staff and others may be exposed to blood and blood products through their work.

    • Prevention of Hepatitis B's disease

    Hepatitis B vaccine

    This is the main preventive measure in the prevention of hepatitis B. WHO recommends that the first hepatitis B vaccine is required as soon as possible within the first 24 hours after birth and The next nose is 2, 3 and 4 months. Hepatitis B vaccine has the effect of producing protective antibodies in more than 95% of newborns, children and young people. High protection effect, lasting for at least 20 years and possibly lifelong if antiviral antibodies are created after a large vaccination> 1000 IU/L.

    Subjects to be vaccinated:

  • All those who do not have anti -bacterial antibodies (anti -HBS), should be vaccinated for hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible, especially those living in countries with billion billion High rules of high level of HBV including Vietnam
  • The high-risk subjects mentioned above
  • Tourists have not yet completed their hepatitis B vaccine process, People should be provided with vaccines before going to areas with high HBV circulation. Vegetables are less greasy; People with cirrhosis should reduce salt in diet.

    Be careful with the drugs or functional foods that can be harmful to the liver (especially Chinese herbal medicine of unknown origin)

    Disinfect carefully when injured, bleeding

    Use protective measures during sex to avoid infection

    Do not share needles

    Do not use the same tools or must be disinfected before tattooing, acupuncture, ear piercing

    Diagnostic measures for Hepatitis B's disease

    Doctors can rely on history, history, clinical examination combined with testing to diagnose the disease.

    Testing includes 2 parts: blood tests to find antigens, HBV antibodies, liver function evaluation and diagnostic diagnosis including ultrasound, CT scan, liver biopsy.

    Hepatitis B's disease treatments

    The doctor will rely on the test results: HBV DNA virus concentration in the patient's body and in some cases may have to biopsy liver to make a treatment of hepatitis B appropriate. The main treatment is to prevent the proliferation, multiplying the virus or substances that disrupt the synthesis and self -multiplying process of the virus.

    Cases of mother infected with HBV, after giving birth, babies need a specific serum antiviral serum HBV

    When infected, it is necessary to enhance the body's resistance by rest, diets need to pay attention to foods that are beneficial to the liver, limit drinking alcohol. Alcohol not only causes cirrhosis but also supports the process of copying and reproducing the hepatitis virus, so it increases the number of viruses circulating in the blood and from there is a decrease in the ability to withstand liver cells from the attack. of the virus.

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