Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)

Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease overview

Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasmosis) is a disease occurring when people with fungal fungal fungal fungal fungus capsulatum. Histoplasma capsulatum fungus often penetrates through the respiratory tract and parasites in the endothelial hammock cell system. In healthy people, fungi usually only causes mild lung infections, the patient has no symptoms or transient symptoms. However, in people with weakened immune systems, the elderly and children, mushrooms can spread to many organs such as lymphatic system, nervous system, heart, lungs, ... causing serious damage, threatening threatening patients' lives.

Histoplasma capsulatum mushrooms include two strains, Histoplasma capsulatum var.capsulatum and histoplasma capsulatum var.duboisii. Histoplasma capsulatum var.capsulatum ruined in the soil, especially soil mixed with bird feces, bat feces, soil in chicken stables, at the shelter of birds, Bat cave, ... mushrooms often appear on the surface of the surface Face, rarely found in the soil layer below 25cm. Histoplasma capsulatum var.capsulatum is a common cause of disease, which causes disease all over the world. Meanwhile, the residence of Histoplasma Capsulatum Var.duboisii mushrooms has not been clearly defined, some studies suggest that they also live in soil. Histoplasma capsulatum var.duboisii fungal fungus usually only appears in Africa. In the form of enamel, Histoplasma Capsulatum var.capsulatum has a diameter of 2-4 µm, histoplasma capsulatum var.duboisii has a larger diameter from 7-15 µm.

Causes of Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease

Due to the patient breathing air containing histoplasma fungus into the lungs or fungi infected into open wounds on the skin.

Symptoms of Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease

Patients with Histoplasma Capsulatum var.capsulatum:

about 95% of patients with histoplasma fungal infections Capsulatum var.capsulatum have no symptoms or symptoms that are usually mild, transient, in a few patients with the remaining Histoplasma fungus will cause Pulmonary infections cause acute pneumonia, chronic pneumonia, eye damage, skin-mucosa or spreading fungal infections in many organs.

Acute pneumonia: Most have no symptoms, some cases with fever, cough, sputum, sternum pain, headache, fatigue. X-rays can be seen that the lungs appear on one or two lungs and white spots scattered on both sides of the lungs.
Chronic pneumonia: Patients often cough with phlegm, blood cough, fever, fatigue, weight loss, may appear symptoms of puncture and chronic bronchitis Calculated as coughing in the morning, shortness of breath during exertion, reducing pulmonary ventilation function, ...
Histoplasma infection in the eye: When the fungus Histoplasma moves from the lungs to the eye, it will cause syndrome called the eye histoplasmosis. This is a cause of common vision loss among people aged 20-40 in the United States. In the beginning, fungal infections, the disease often had no symptoms but over time, the patient will have vision changes such as wavy lines, blind spots, ...
Skin-mucosal damage: On the skin, there are sores with scales accompanied by swollen lymphadenopathy, often painless, no itchy, local lesions and can be self- out of. On the mucous membranes of the lips, larynx, genital area, there are lesions in the form of granular leaf or large marks.
The spread of spreading fungal infection: This is a rare condition, severe prognosis, causing damage to many organs and can lead to death. Subjects often suffer from illnesses are people with immunodeficiency, elderly people, and young children. Patients will have fever, fatigue, damage to the lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, mucosa, meninges, pericardium, digestive system, ...

Patients with Histoplasma Var.Duboisii infection:

Patients often suffer from skin damage, mucosa, bone, lymph nodes, rarely experience spreading fungal infections. The damage caused by fungi cannot go away on its own but need to be treated.

Transmission route of Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s diseaseHistoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)

People at risk for Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease
Due to mushrooms thriving in wet, dark, dark areas in poultry breeding facilities, land in old buildings, caves, the subjects often work, Exposure to the above environments will be at high risk. Those subjects are:
Farmers, poultry, people working in chicken breeding areas, gardeners.
Construction workers, participants demolish old buildings, geologists, archaeologists, cave explorers.
People with impaired immune systems such as:
HIV/AIDS patients, cancer patients have been treated with chemotherapy, users of immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis .
Long -term corticosteroid users, users of anti -rejection drugs after organ transplantation

Prevention of Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease

Implementation of the following habits can help limit the risk of histoplasma fungal infection:

Avoid contact with the land areas at risk of Histoplasma fungus, if the job is required to contact, the gloves, masks, clothes are required. household.
Stop smoking because tobacco increases the risk of mushroom spores.
Perform healthy lifestyle, good nutrition, exercise to improve physical strength to improve body resistance.

Periodic health examination, use the drugs in accordance with the instructions of the doctor, do not stop the drug, especially antibiotics, antifungal drugs even when symptoms have already been improve. Ask the doctor about the side effects of the drug may be encountered.

Annual flu vaccine.

Diagnostic measures for Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease

Doctors will diagnose based on a history of disease, clinical examination, X-ray patients and basic blood tests. At the same time, specifying samples such as urine, blood, sputum, tissue samples in the area of skin lesions, waste washing fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, biopsy, etc. The following tests:

Sample of the sample under a microscope, before scanning the specimen is often dyed in GEEMSA. The image of histoplasma fungus is ovale -shaped mushrooms that are concentrated in leukemia cells, but mushrooms can also appear outside the cell.

Cultivation of samples at 370C, if the sample has a fungus Histoplasma after the culture time will appear creamy, screening under the microscopic glass will see cells Yeast, based on the size, can distinguish Var.Duboisii and Var.Capsulatum.

Anatomy method by biopsy, samples dyed by dyes such as Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Grocott’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) or Gram. This method can see the image of the fungal cell in the reality and the giant cell.

Other methods that can be taken are: Serum diagnosis method using skin tests, animal poisoning methods, etc.

Histoplasma fungal infection (Histoplasma fungus)'s disease treatments

If mild fungal infections in healthy people, the disease can go away on their own without treatment. However, in most cases, patients need to be treated with oral antifungal or injection drugs.

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