HIV stands for the word Human ImmunodeFiciency Virus is the virus that causes immunodeficiency in humans
What is
HIV? HIV/AIDS .
The first stage of the disease has symptoms like flu, but then there is no sign of a long time. The disease progresses when the patient's immune system decreases, and it is also time for patients to get opportunistic infections or unusual tumors
HIV/AIDS cannot be cured and no vaccine. However, antiviral treatments can slow down the process of the disease and prolong patients.
Causes of HIV's disease
The cause of HIV is due to immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Retroviridae family. When the body is infected, the HIV virus lives in important cells in the human immune system such as T -cell lymphocytes or macrophages, fringed cells to reduce the number of cells leading to a decline in the immune system. of the body facilitates other opportunistic infections
Symptoms of HIV's disease
HIV infection has 3 stages corresponding to the symptoms for each specific stage as follows:
Acute infection (primary infection):
The stage when the patient has just received body fluids from the previous infected person, the virus at this stage multiplies very quickly. >
about 2-4 weeks after exposure, most patients will get the flu with common symptoms including: fever, lymphadenopathy, sore throat, rash, muscle pain, discomfort, mouth sores and reality Quan. Less common can be mentioned such as headache, nausea and vomiting, swelling of the liver, weight loss and other neurological symptoms
The time of the average symptoms is 28 days and short. Especially 1 week
Because the unclear properties of symptoms, patients often do not recognize the signs of HIV
chronic phase:
This is the period when the strong protection of the immune system will reduce the number of virus particles in the blood, turn to chronic HIV infection
This stage can last from 2 weeks to 20 years depending on the case, during this time HIV works in lymph nodes, so these lymph nodes are often swollen due to reaction to a large amount of virus. The disease spread during this period
The opportunity microorganisms are middle ears), dermatitis, mouth ulcers, skin rash
The characteristic of rapid resistance will quickly be infected with Candida Species fungus causing oral or tuberculosis bacteria. After that, the hidden herpes viruses will be activated, causing increasing and painful damage such as shingles, lymphoma, ... Death
Transmission route of HIV's diseaseHIV
HIV/AIDS patients are the only source of HIV infection, no animal infections. HIV transmitted mainly through 3 paths:
HIV transmitted by blood
HIV can be transmitted through blood and products of HIV -contaminated blood through:
Sharing the needle pump (especially the injecting drug) , ...
generally or not properly sterilized surgical tools, medical examination and treatment equipment
transmitted through bloody objects of others (brushes Brushing tooth)
Transmission through direct contact with blood such as HIV -contaminated blood into the open site
HIV transmitted through sex:
HIV transmitted sex when fluids such as blood, HIV -infected genital fluid enter the body of the partner
all forms of sex with an HIV -infected person are at risk. HIV infection. However, the highest level of risk is still through the anus and then the vaginal line at the end is the oral path
HIV transmitted from mother to child:
During pregnancy: HIV virus from the mother's blood through the placenta will enter the fetus' body
of children
when breastfeeding: HIV can be long in milk or cracks in the mother's nipple and exposed to lesions on the oral mucosa in children
People at risk for HIV's disease
corresponding to HIV transmission lines, the risks of HIV may be:
The user shared the objects directly stabbing into the body such as injecting drugs, tattoos or those who use the same item or contact directly with HIV -infected people
< Li> people have sexual sex, sex with many people, prostitution, ... Li>
Prevention of HIV's disease
There are some ways to prevent HIV for yourself such as:
Understand the way of spreading HIV to take measures to prevent my contact with HIV infections
avoid drinking and absolutely do not use ghosts Toc is the substances that affect the ability to think and act, promote unsafe behaviors that increase the risk of HIV infection. When having sex, if a partner is an HIV -infected person, you have to have a safe sex along with regular HIV tests
Easily carrying HIV from one person to another
to avoid touching the blood of others and other body fluids, the fluids including semen, vaginal fluid, rectal mucosa, breast milk,, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and joint fluid
Diagnostic measures for HIV's disease
Because the symptoms of HIV in the onset stage or progress are not typical and easily confused with other diseases, the diagnostic method of determining HIV is based on testing.
There are the following types of HIV tests:
Nucleic acid test (NAT): This test helps to find HIV virus really in the blood or not and indicates the amount of virus in the blood. NAT tests are quite accurate in the early stages of HIV infection, but it is quite expensive and only used when the patient is at high risk of HIV exposure or the premature symptoms of HIV
Original/ antibodies: Testing used to find both antigen and HIV antibodies
Antibody test: Most quick tests or home tests are antibody tests, HIV antibody tests Using venous blood, the HIV is detected earlier than the body's secretion test
When there is a positive result with any antibody test, the patient needs a monitoring test for a monitor Confirm the results.
HIV's disease treatments
There is currently no vaccine to prevent HIV infection nor any specialized method that can completely remove the HIV virus from the body
However, thanks to therapy. Antiviral treatment (ART) using ARV has the effect of slowing the multiplication of HIV in the body, strengthening the immune system to help the quality of life of people with AIDS have improved significantly
The current option is a combination of two or more Retrovirus anti-Retrovirus drugs and a protease inhibitor or a Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor NNON-NUCLEOSIDIDide (NNRTI). With such treatment, it shows that HIV results are negative many times but the virus will increase again when stopped treatment.
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