Hodgkin

Hodgkin's disease overview

Hodgkin disease , also known as Hodgkin cancer is a malignant lymphoma - a cancer of the lymphatic system. This disease may be seen at any age, but the most common among people aged 20 to 40 and people over 55 years old.

When suffering from Hodgkin's disease, cells in the lymphatic system develop abnormally and metastasize to other organs of the body.

Hodgkin lymphoma ( lymphoma o Hodgkin) is one of two common cancer of the lymphatic system, there is another type that is Hodgkin without less common.

The advances in Hodgkin's diagnosis and treatment have helped people with this disease have the opportunity to completely cure and continue to improve the quality of life for people with Hodgkin lymphoma. /p>

So what is Hodgkin disease , the cause, symptoms and treatment and diagnosis?

Causes of Hodgkin's disease

Currently, the exact cause of Hodgkin has not been found. But the disease begins when lymphocyte (lymphocyte) has a gene mutation that causes the cell to rise quickly, and cause the cells to mutate.

Mutations make T large number of abnormal lymphocytes, accumulated in the lymphatic system, where they concentrate healthy cells and cause symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma. <

Symptoms of Hodgkin's disease

Painful lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin

Extended fatigue

Fever

Night sweat

Unknown weight loss

Itching

Increase sensitivity when drinking alcohol or pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol

Transmission route of Hodgkin's diseaseHodgkin

Hodgkin's disease is not transmitted from sick to healthy people

People at risk for Hodgkin's disease

The factors that can increase the risk of Hodgkin's disease include:

Age. Hodgkin's disease is usually diagnosed with people aged 15 to 30 and people over 55 years old.

Families with people with Hodgkin's disease. There is blood relationship with Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma, which increases the risk of Hodgkin's development.

Men. Men are more likely to develop Hodgkin's disease than women.

Infection of Epstein-Barr virus. People with Epstein-Barr virus disease such as mononucleosis are more likely to develop Hodgkin's disease than those who have not been infected with Epstein-Barr virus.

Prevention of Hodgkin's disease

HIV infection, the virus that causes AIDS, is known to increase the risk of Hodgkin's disease, so to limit the risk of Hodgkin disease, healthy people should use safety measures to avoid HIV infection Such as using one -time injection, not using needles and needles, safe sex and not having sex with many partners.

Another risk factor for Hodgkin's disease is the infection of Epstein-Barr virus (the cause of single-blood leukemia), but there is no way to prevent this infection. >

Diagnostic measures for Hodgkin's disease

The doctor will ask the patient about the history of the individual and the family, after which the doctor will specify some types of tests to diagnose Hodgkin's disease, including:

Examination of the physician checks the swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits and groin, as well as the spleen or liver is swollen.

Blood test to determine the imprints of cancer.

Image diagnosis to search for signs of Hodgkin's disease in different areas of the patient's body such as X-ray, CT and Positron emission. /p>

Lymph nodes to diagnose Hodgkin if abnormal cells called Reed-Stadnberg cells are found in lymph nodes.

Bone biopsy to search for Hodgkin lymphoma cells.

Other tests and procedures may be used depending on the condition of the patient.

Hodgkin lymphoma cancer stages

Stage I. Cancer is only localized in a lymph nodes or a single organs.

Stage II. During this stage, cancer cells are located in two lymph nodes or metastasized to a nearby organ and lymph nodes. But the cancer is still limited to a part of the body above or below the diaphragm.

Stage III. When cancer metastases to the lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm, it is considered the stage III. Cancer can also be in a tissue part or an organs near the lymph nodes that are metastatic or in the spleen.

Stage IV. This is the final stage of Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells metastasize to part of one or more organs and tissues in the body. Hodgkin stage IV lymphoma not only affects the lymph nodes but also adversely affects other parts of the body such as liver, lung or bone.

In addition, your doctor uses the letters A and B to indicate whether you are experiencing symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma:

A means that patients do not have any subjective symptoms of cancer.

B means that the patient has significant signs and symptoms of cancer such as prolonged fever, unexplained weight loss or a lot of night sweating. /p>

Hodgkin's disease treatments

Hodgkin lymphoma treatments are adjusted depending on the type of Hodgkin disease and the stage of the disease, the general health and the desire of the patient. The goal of treatment is to destroy as many cancer cells as possible and reduce the symptoms of the disease.Chemotherapy

chemotherapy is a drug that uses chemicals to kill lymphoma cells. Chemotherapy drugs are intravenous and walk throughout the body. In the treatment of Hodgkin pathology, it is often combined with radiation therapy in the early stages. Radiation therapy is usually done after chemotherapy. In advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, chemotherapy can be used alone or in combination with radiation.

Chemotherapy is in the form of tablets or intravenous solutions, or sometimes both forms are used on one patient. The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the drug such as nausea and hair loss. Serious complications if long -term use may occur such as heart damage, lung damage, affecting reproductive function and causes of other cancer such as leukemia.Radiation therapy is a treatment for high energy beams such as X -rays and protons to kill cancer cells. For Hodgkin lymphoma, radiation is often used after chemotherapy. During radiation therapy, the patient lies on the table and a large dedicated device moving around the patient's body and the direction of the energy beams to specific positions on the patient's body. Radiation therapy is aimed at lymph nodes with cancer cells and surrounding areas.

Different radiation treatment time, depending on the stage of the disease. The normal treatment roadmap lasts from five days to a week and lasts for a few weeks, each time radiation is about 30 minutes.

Radiation therapy can cause skin redness and hair loss in the irradiated area. The serious side effects may occur during radiation such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, thyroid problems, infertility and other cancers such as breast or lung cancer.

Bone marrow transplant

Bone marrow transplant, also known as stem cell transplant, is a treatment for the patient's infected bone marrow with healthy stem cells.

During bone marrow transplant, the stem cells of the patient will be removed, frozen and stored for later use. Next, patients treat cancer with high -dose chemotherapy and radiation treatments to kill cancer cells in the body. Finally, stem cells that have been removed from before will be melted and injected into the patient's veins, these stem cells will help create a healthy bone marrow.

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