Hookworm

Hookworm's disease overview

Worms infection , also known as mine worms, is when hookworms (mine worms) live parasites in the body. Larvae and mature worms live in the intestines of people or animals infected. If the object is infected or their fertilizer is used as fertilizer, the worm eggs will cling to the soil. Eggs will mature and hatch larvae capable of entering the human skin. Vacuum people on these lands will be infected with hook worms because often worm larvae are very small so they cannot be seen. When entering the blood circulation, hook worms will reach the lungs and throat, then go into the gut causing disease in the above organs.

hookworm suction about 0.2-0.34 ml of blood/day. Mine suction worms about 0.03-0.05 ml of blood/day. In addition to the harmful effects of hematuria, hookworms/mine worms also cause duodenum inflammation and secretion of anticoagulants, poison inhibits hematopathy producing red blood cells to worsen the patient's blood loss

Worms/worms are circulated in tropical and subtropical countries. Conditions for deciding the transmission of hookworms/worms are climate, hygiene status, living habits and the extent of exposure to the land contaminated with people. People in rural areas are infected higher than people in urban areas, especially people in growing areas or industrial crops such as mulberry, sugarcane, coffee, tobacco, in coal mine.

Causes of Hookworm's disease

Causes of hook worm infection

Types of hook worms infected with humans are Anclostoma duodenale and Necator Americanus. The infected person often discharged worm eggs in the stool when going out. Worms can hatch in wet soil and incubate about 2 days before they become larvae. Next, this larvae penetrate the skin, usually due to vacuum, through blood sugar to the lungs and intestines. Some people may be infected by eating food or drinking water.

Symptoms of Hookworm's disease

Hookworm larvae cause skin, lungs, and mature hook worms causing intestinal diseases. Depending on the stage, there are symptoms of hook worm infection as follows

Manifestations of inflammation of the worms and blood suction, such as:

Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, abdominal pain, batch diarrhea, may have constipation, may have epigastric pain depending on the level of worm infection, increased pain when hunger

Progressive anemia and prolonged disease, anorexia, indigestion, pale, cold, physical weakness, weakness, fast breathing. If severe can lead to death in the context of dysentery, bleeding, edema and respiratory failure.

In addition, hookworms also cause skin and lung disease manifested by signs The following:

When hookworm larvae/worms piercing through the skin can cause local dermatitis with symptoms of itching, there are many red spots and after 1-2 days. Dermatitis caused by hookworm larvae: When the larvae penetrate the skin, the damage is often in the feet or arms manifesting the erythema, inlaid, fleeting, slightly itchy. Due to many exposure and exposure to worm larvae, the patient has an induction of the body, the local urticaria, after the spreading wall, the array of inflammation, itching, after the blisters.

Symptoms of respiratory and esophagus: Patients with dry cough, hoarseness, sore throat, sometimes tinnitus, itchy nose, difficulty swallowing like anything in the neck and often running water drool.

Blood tests in the early stage of infection shows an increase in acidic leukemia, signs of anemia, a significant decrease in blood, anemia in several cases of severe infection, The disease lasts for a long time, reduces total blood protein

Division (testing method: Kato or Kato-Katz): There is hookworm/worm eggs in feces. The hookworm eggs and worm eggs are relatively similar: oval worm eggs, size from 40 - 60 m, in addition to colorless, smooth shell. In eggs with kernels, at birth, there is an embryo.

Transmission route of Hookworm's diseaseHookworm

The container: Human, especially the person who is exposed to infected soil.

Incubation time: The time from the larvae enters the body through the skin, mucosa to the heart, lungs and being swallowed back into the stomach and small intestine until the worms become worms. Growing up about 42 - 45 days.

The transmission period: is the life period of mature worms from the time of fertilization and laying eggs. A female hook can lay from 10,000-25,000 eggs/day, female worms can lay from 5,000-10,000 eggs/day. The life of hook worms is about 4-5 years long and the mine worm is about 10-15 years if not treated.

Methods of transmission: through skin, mucous membranes: hookworm larvae/mine worms III to penetrate the body of human skin, mucous membranes (interstitial toe, lower legs ...) According to the veins of the heart and lungs. In the lungs, the larvae change the shell twice into the larvae of the IV and V larvae, the larva of phase V on the pharynx and is swallowed down the intestines, parasitic in the duodenum and developing into an adult hook/worm. By eating: Food, water contaminated with larvae. There is no direct transmission from person to person.

People at risk for Hookworm's disease

People who are exposed to non -hygienic environments with hair worm larvae, especially in rural areas to cultivate, use bowel fertilizer, ...

Foods containing hook larvae: raw vegetables, unclean vegetables, ...

Most of the large intestinal worm infections contaminated with the common worms on the patient's subjects are the main children,

The ratio and intensity of hookworm infection in women are often higher than men.

Workers working in mines and minerals. Some careers are favorable for hookworm infection (rubber, coffee, pepper, latex seeds, work barefoot, do not use hygienic toilets when under such conditions.

Prevention of Hookworm's disease

Propaganda and education: Raising personal and community hygiene awareness, environmental protection is not infected.

Hygiene: Environmental sanitation, especially the area near the house, indoor and play area of children.

Building hygienic toilets.

Build a good personal hygiene lifestyle such as washing your hands with soap before eating, after going to the toilet, not eating raw vegetables when not washed thoroughly. Do not use fresh fertilizer, garden, no barefoot.

In the mine area, every year, the health check and worms must be tested for at least once a year and thoroughly treated people with hookworms/worms.

Prevention for high-risk subjects: deworming periodically twice a year 4-6 months apart. Using labor protection in production labor when exposed to soil, especially soil infected with human feces.

Environmental treatment: launch cleaning campaigns in the community, build sewer systems, wastewater treatment. Can treat stool with lime powder 150 -200 g/1kg of feces, dead eggs after 30 minutes to 1 hour.

Diagnostic measures for Hookworm's disease

Diagnosis of hookworm infection Based on clinical manifestations: Clinical symptoms are generally not specific to some other diseases so it is difficult to diagnose

Exploitation of epidemiology, risk factors

Diagnostic diagnosis when screening the eggs of hook worms in stool

Diagnosis of anemia level based on the number of hemoglobin in blood formula

Chest X -ray: There may be pneumonia images.

Hookworm's disease treatments

Humidal worm infection is a common disease that tends to improve in recent years, but there is still a number of patients who have been abandoned to diagnosis, leading to a prolonged disease. Causes many complications. The disease can be completely cured if detected, the goal of treatment is to treat inflammation, prevent and treat complications, improve nutrients.

Use drugs that work with a variety of worms to destroy worms such as: Albendazole 400mg The only dose for all subjects over 2 years old or Mebendazole 500mg single dose. However, these drugs are not used during the first 3 months of pregnancy, nursing women, as they can harm the baby. Inner kidney with liver failure, kidney failure.

Severe infection: Albendazole 400mg/ day x 3 days or Mebendazole (vermox, fugaca, ...) dose of 500mg/ day x 3 days or Pyrantel Pamoate (Combantrin, Embovin, Helmex, .. .) The dose of 10 mg/kg/day x 3 days.

If anemia is available, using iron supplements.

Re -examination on schedule to monitor the symptoms for effective treatment

Listen to the doctor's instructions, do not arbitrarily take the drug without being indicated or arbitrarily quit in the prescription for you.

Maintain a diet rich in protein and vitamins for about 3 months.

See also:

Pet diseases

Tocoxara worm disease: Causes, symptoms, how to prevent

Eccniasia disease: Causes, symptoms, how to prevent

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