Horner syndrome

Horner syndrome's disease overview

What is Horner syndrome? Horner syndrome is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the interruption of the path of nerves from the brain to the face and eye on one side of the body. Typically, horner syndrome leads to eye paralysis that reduce the size of the pupil, eyelid collapse and reduce sweat on the side affected on your face.

Horner syndrome is not a disease but a collection of symptoms of many different diseases, such as stroke, tumor or spinal injury. In some cases, the clear cause may not be found. There is no specific treatment for Horner syndrome, but treating the main cause can restore nerve functions back to normal. Horner syndrome is also known as Horner-Bernard syndrome or sympathetic polio.

Causes of Horner syndrome's disease

Horner syndrome is caused by a certain path of sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic system plays the role of regulating heart rate, pupil size, sweating, blood pressure and other functions to help the body respond quickly to changes in the surrounding environment. The neurological pathway in the Horner syndrome is divided into three types of nerve cells as follows:

The most nerve cells

The most nerve cells are nerve cells on the section from the hypothalamus at the bottom of the brain, passing through the brain stem and extending to the upper part of the spinal cord. Cases of pathology in this area can break the nerve function that causes horner syndrome including:

  • Stroke

    • Tumors in the brain

  • Diseases that cause nerve cell loss (myelin)

    • Ancient injuries

  • Collectical cysts or cavity (spinal hollow disease)

    • Local nerve cells

    The quadratic nerve cells are nerve cells from the spine section, through the upper part of the chest and go inside the neck. The causes of nerve damage in this area may be:

  • Lung cancer
  • Myelin tumor (Schwannoma)
  • Damage to large blood vessels that lead blood from the heart (aorta)

    • Surgery in the breast cavity

    Third nerve cells

    These nerve cells stretches along the neck and leads to the skin and muscles of the iris and eyelids. Neurological lesions in this area may be due to the following problems:

  • Carotidic artery lesions along the neck

    • Migraine

    Venous lesions in the neck

  • Infections or tumors in the bottom of the skull

    • Causes in children: The most common causes of Horner syndrome in children include:

  • Neck or shoulder lesions during birth
  • Aortic disability at birth (when the child's circulation becomes closed.
  • Endocrine tumors and nervous systems (Neurology)

    • The unknown reasons

    In some cases, the cause of unknown horer syndrome should be called idiopathic horner syndrome.

    Symptoms of Horner syndrome's disease

    Horner syndrome usually only affects one side of the face. Common signs include:

  • One side of the pupils is constantly small (Miosis)
  • There is always a difference in the size of the pupils (anisocoria)
  • less responded to dim light in the pupils affected
  • The upper eyelid collapse (ptosis)
  • Eyelids below rise, I call a sign of reverse eyelid.
  • Sunken eyes
  • Little or no sweating (anhidrosis) on both the side or an area of ​​the affected side
  • Signs and symptoms, especially eyelid collapse and no sweating, may be less and difficult to detect.

    • In children with other signs and symptoms when suffering from horner syndrome may include:

  • Lighter iris color in the eyes affected by children under 1 year of age
  • The affected side is usually not less red than the other when hot, exertion or emotional reaction

    • When to see a doctor?

    Of the causes of horner syndrome, there are several serious causes. It is important to be careful and accurate diagnosis.

    It is necessary to go to medical facilities if the signs of the Horner syndrome appear suddenly, appear after injury or accompanied by other signs or symptoms, such as:

  • vision impairment
  • Dizziness

    • muscle weakness or lack of muscle control

  • Sudden, sudden or neck pain

    • People at risk for Horner syndrome's disease

    The risk factor of the syndrome includes the risk of all other pathologies that can cause disease:

  • Age: Horner syndrome can appear at any age, but often increases in the elderly due to increased risk of stroke.
    • tumors or head cancer: These cases are at higher risk due to the common damage to nerve cells.
  • Facial injuries or large blood vessels: Cases with a history of injury and damage are at higher risk of horner syndrome.
    • Smoking: Increased risk of blood vessels and risk of lung cancer.

    Prevention of Horner syndrome's disease

    Horner syndrome is not always preventive, but reducing risk factors can reduce the incidence of disease:

  • Ensure safety in labor and daily life with protective equipment for heads and neck areas.
  • No smoking.
  • Treatment and monitoring of the physician's indications in cases where there are central neuroma diseases.

    • Diagnostic measures for Horner syndrome's disease

    Horner syndrome can be diagnosed based on history and clinical manifestations: Determining the pupil reflexes in cases of suspected symptoms by taking pupils then comparing the reaction of two. Eyes.

    In addition to clinical examination, tests should be conducted to evaluate the nature of symptoms and determine possible causes.

    Tests that help diagnose Horner syndrome:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using radio and magnetic waves to create detailed images of head, neck and chest to determine tumors or signs of stroke, The image of the artery lesions and other lesions can affect the face of the face on the face.

    • Carved artery ultrasound

    chest x-ray

  • Computerized tomography (CT)

    • Referred rays

  • Blood and urine tests to find cancer indicators.

    • Horner syndrome's disease treatments

    There is no specific treatment for horner syndrome. Typically, Horner syndrome disappears when primary diseases are effectively treated.

    In most situations without acute signs, patients often see an eye specialist (an ophthalmologist) and then can be introduced to a doctor specializing in the Disorders of the Magic System Sutta (neurologist) or expert in both neurological disorders and disorders affecting eye and vision (visual nerve doctor).

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