HP infection

HP infection's disease overview

HP infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

HP infection is dangerous and infection with HP bacteria, which is a question that many people are interested in today because when infected with micro -infection. This bacterium patients often suffer from many damage and dangerous complications such as stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric perforation, and more dangerous than stomach cancer if not diagnosed and treated promptly. P>

It is estimated that more than half of the world's population has been infected with HP, mainly in developing countries with a very high frequency of infection from 50-90% at the age of> 20 and most children are infected. At the age of 2-8.

Vietnam is also in the region with a high rate of HP infection, about> 70% in adults.    

Causes of HP infection's disease

This infection occurs caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a gram-negative, curved or S-shaped bacilli, a diameter of 0.3-1µm, 1.5-5 µm long with 4-6 slender feathers at each end, it is thanks to These hairs, along with their body shape that HP can move in viscous environments.

HP is usually residing in the mucus that is concentrated mainly in the taste of the taste and can see HP in areas with a stomach dysentery in the duodenum. HP is not seen on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and the stomach dysfunction.

To be able to survive in the acidic environment of gastric juice, HP bacteria produce a large amount of urease enzyme, much larger than any other bacterium, to neutralize acidic in the felt. thick. So in the stomach, the presence of urease is almost synonymous with the presence of HP.

HP bacteria grow well at 30-40 degrees and withstand pH environment from 5-8.5.

Symptoms of HP infection's disease

Patients with HP infections can still live healthy and often do not appear clearly symptoms. However, in some patients, the disease can cause symptoms of stomach ulcers, including: abdominal pain after eating, nausea, loss of appetite, frequent heartburn, flatulence, foul odor mouth, unintentional weight loss.

In case of long -term HP infection, patients will have obvious symptoms such as severe and persistent abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, bloody stools or black, vomiting of blood or vomiting solution with vomiting. Black or look like coffee grounds.

If the patient appears the above symptoms, suspected to be infected with HP bacteria, immediately need to go to the hospital or medical facility for diagnosis and timely treatment to minimize dangerous complications. caused by HP.

Transmission route of HP infection's diseaseHP infection

HP can be transmitted through many roads such as mouth-mouth, mouth-mouth, stomach-mouth and stomach-stomach. In places where poor hygiene conditions, water and contaminated food are an initial source of spread.

  • Oral-mouth-to-mouth transmission: This is the most common transmission line today. If a husband or wife is infected with HP, it is certain that the other person is at a very high risk of HP infection, up to 90%. Therefore, when one person is infected with HP, the other person also needs to check. If both of them are infected, they also treat both to avoid resistance bacteria.
  • Passed through the fertilizer: The re-infection and spreading HP in the community still through eating and drinking, the habit of sharing household and community.
  • Gastroentric-mouth-to-mouth spread: medical equipment such as screens, dental tools, ENT tools ... have not been cleaned clean.

    • People at risk for HP infection's disease

    HP infections depend on many factors such as age, geographical position and quality of life. HP infection can occur in any object, from young to old, from men to women but trade patients infected with Helicobacter pylori from an early age.

    These pathological objects include:

  • Patients often live in crowded places such as dormitories, military, families with many people, just one person infected with HP bacteria can spread to an entire episode. form.  
  • Living area lacks clean water, contaminated food is not safe.

    • People living in developing countries are at very high risk of HP infection: People living in developing countries, where the cramped living conditions and domestic water. Inadequate and not clean, poor environmental sanitation.

  • Live with patients infected with H. pylori.
  • In developing countries, high-risk subjects are infected with children aged 2-8 years old and adults aged 20 and older.
  • In developed countries, HP infections are usually 50 years old and account for 50% of the population.

    • Prevention of HP infection's disease

    Currently, in the world, people have not studied HP bacteria vaccines, so prevention is the best way to avoid infection and avoid serious complications caused by HP bacteria. >

  • Eat clean, quality and clear foods
  • Use and drink clean, non -contaminated water sources.
  • should eat cooked, drink boiling, avoid salty eating habits, do not use a lot of salt and eat dried, fish sauce, bacon fish, baked fish.
  • Wash your hands with soap before eating and after going to the toilet to prevent Hp infections.
    • Supplement foods rich in fiber, lots of vitamins from fruits and vegetables to contribute to protecting and limiting stomach cancer.
  • Exercise 30 minutes a day with gentle, just as walking, yoga, especially children who need to practice exercise habits from a young age to enhance. resistance for children.

    • Diagnostic measures for HP infection's disease

    There are 2 main methods to diagnose HP bacteria including: infringement methods and non -infringing methods

    Method of infringement:

  • HP's urease tests: to detect HP's urease enzymes. This is a quick, simple, cheap and effective test to diagnose HP with sensitivity and specificity> 95%.
    • culture: This is the most specific test method, is the gold standard diagnosis of HP. In the case of failure, culture for antibiotics is a useful and almost unique test to assess HP's resistance.

    Despite the high specificity, reaching nearly 100%, the sensitivity is very different due to the effects of factors such as bacterial density, culture conditions, lips Cultivation school ...

  • MBH diagnosis: This is a widely used test to diagnose HP infection, the sensitivity and specificity of this test are> 95%. This test also allows the assessment of the lesions of the stomach lining.
  • PCR engineering (Polymerase Chain Reaction): PCR is a diagnostic technique in advanced laboratories but not commonly used in diagnosis of HP infection. Sensitivity of this method> 90%

    • The non -infringing method

  • Breathing test C13 or C14: is a simple, easy -to -accept diagnostic method than endoscopic tests and it has high sensitivity and specificity (> 90 %). This is a common test used for after -treatment and children, however, because the price is quite high, it is rarely used in Vietnam.
  • Testing for anti -HP antibodies in serum: tested by Elisa method, it is used to detect IgG antibodies H. P. This test has a sensitivity of over 90% but Rarely used for diagnosis and monitoring after hp except treatment because antibodies still exist from 6 months to 1 year after being infected with HP and after dumpling.
  • Testing for HP antibodies in urine: The method helps to find antibodies against HP bacteria in the urine for 10 to 20 minutes so it is often used in contamination screening H. P with sensitivity reaches 80% and the specificity of 90%, has no value for diagnosis, monitoring after HP eradication treatment
  • Antigen test in feces: This is an Elisa test to detect HP antigen in the feces. 95% sensitivity and 94% specificity including after hp.

    • HP infection's disease treatments

    According to the Ministry of Health, to treat HP bacteria infection, there are many treatment regimens HP bacteria , mainly taking drugs with a doctor's prescription and closely monitoring. /p>

    See also:

  • Why is the breathing test that diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
  • What is HP bacteria? Which way?
  • Children infected with HP bacteria: When should treatment?

    • What to do to avoid infection with Hp bacteria and stomach cancer?

  • The association between gastric ulcer and HP bacteria

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