Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus's disease overview

hydrocephalus is a situation of too much accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, a liquid inside the brain is responsible for reducing the impact of the trips from outside to the brain, providing Nutrients for the brain and remove waste, while helping to adjust the pressure inside the brain. The hydrocephalus has an English name Hydrocephalus, in which the "hydrogen" prefix means water and "cephalus" means the brain should be called water head disease.  This is not a specific pathology but the consequences of many different pathologies.

Normal cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the vascular puppet at an average speed of about 20ml/hour, then absorbed by another component in the brain called Pacchioni. Thus, the cerebrospinal fluid exists in the brain and is circulating, innovating should always keep a stable volume, about 50ml in children and 150ml in adults. Most hydrocephalus causes congestion of circulation and reducing the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. A small number of causes of increased cerebrospinal fluid from network plexus in ventricular brain, beyond the absorption capacity of the Pacchioni.

hydrocephalus may be encountered at any age but newborn babies is the most common with the rate of about 1: 500 pregnancy. This is also one of the most serious diseases in young children. The hydrocephalus in adults is common in patients over 60 years old. Hydroidus in adults is easily diagnosed with other neurological diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease.

Causes of Hydrocephalus's disease

hydrocephalus is not a separate pathology but a result of many different pathological groups. Causes of hydrocephalus are quite diverse but all of the same mechanism:

  • Reducing the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrospinal fluid
  • Reducing the ability to absorb the cerebrospinal fluid of Pacchioni.
  • In a few cases, hydrocephalus is caused by an increase in the excessive brain secretion of the vascular puppet in the ventricular system, beyond the ability to reabsorb Normal of Pacchioni.
    • hydrocephalus in children:

    Depending on the time of disease, there are different groups of causes:

    congenital hydrocephalus: appears from the time the child is still in the fetus with the cause of birth defects. Some abnormalities can be listed as follows:

  • Cerebral ventricular dilatation: is a greater sized ventricular condition than normal, causing flow disorders of the cerebrospinal fluid

    • Cerebral drain: Cerebral drain are bridges between ventricular brains. When the cerebral drain is narrow, the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is also hindered to cause stagnation of cerebrospinal fluid.

  • Spider film follicles: Spider film is a transparent sheet covering the brain surface, with many cysts containing cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormal abnormalities of spider membranes mean the cysts in the spider film developed abnormally causing changes in the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Spine cracking: is a neural tube defect. This birth defect includes many abnormalities, including hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus caused by spinal cracking is one of the rare causes of genetics.
  • The mother is infected during pregnancy: the risk of a child with congenital hydrocephalus is closely related to the rate of mother infection during pregnancy by factors such as measles, rubella, Toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis viruses, ...
    • hydrocephalus appears after the child is born:

    Some children are born completely normal, healthy but then detect hydrocephalus. The reason for this case includes:

  • Bleeding in the brain: Any cause of bleeding in the brain can cause hydrocephalus. Blood breaks from blood vessels and then flows into the ventricle, causing increased pressure of ventricular brain fluid, flow disorders. In the case of hemorrhage in the subarachia cavity, blood can clog the ventricular brain tanks, reducing the absorption capacity of Pacchioni forms. This cause is common in premature babies due to vitamin K deficiency, causing bleeding.

    • Trauma in the head area can cause bleeding in the ventricle, edematous brain parenchyma causing compression of the ventricular system.

    Infection of the nervous system: Infections in the meninges clog the nodes that reduce the ability to absorb cerebrospinal fluid or inflammation at the vascular puppet causing increased cerebrospinal fluid secretion .

    Absorbing poor cerebrospinal fluid: Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the left ventricle but the blood can not absorb excess fluid due to defects in the ventricular. hydrocephalus in adults:

    Causes of hydrocephalus in adults similar to the cause of the hydrocephalus group in children appears after birth. Common causes include: cerebral hemorrhage, head injury due to traffic accidents, nervous system infections such as encephalitis, meningitis, brain tumors, meninges, especially the skull tumor after the brain progression Fast water.

    Symptoms of Hydrocephalus's disease

    Symptoms of hydrocephalus Diverse and different manifestations in each person, each age group. Some common symptoms include:

    hydrocephalus in infants manifests:

  • Abnormal large heads, can be easily noticeable with the naked eye
  • First and rear fontanel, clicking on the feeling of tightness

    • Thin scalp due to stretched with the size of the first ring.

  • The skull bones separated, wide arthritis.
  • Blood vessels are pronounced under the scalp.  

    • Leaving and nursing, vomiting

  • Eyes look down, less movement.
  • Convulsions, easy to stimulate.
  • Less flexible limbs

    • Hydroelect hydroceps in children manifest:

  • Abnormal large heads
  • Headache
  • Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
  • Fever, may be accompanied by seizures
  • blurred vision or a couple;
  • easily stimulated, changing personality
  • Sleep, hard to alert, hard to focus
  • Walk, talk and perform slow movements

    • hydrocephalus in young people and groups of middle -aged people manifest

  • Headache
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Li dermis, hard to alert
  • loss of balance, poor coordination ability.
  • Disorders of urination
  • Impaired impairment: blurred vision or a few looks

    • Hydroelect hydroceps in the elderly manifest

  • Headache
  • Memory reduction
  • loss of balance, poor coordination ability.
  • Appears abnormal gaits such as staggering, loss.
  • Disorders of urination

    • Due to being directly affected, the central nervous system is the organ that is suffering from sequelae if the hydrocephalus is not treated effectively. Some complications that the disease can cause such as deafness, blindness, paralysis, epilepsy, ...

    Transmission route of Hydrocephalus's diseaseHydrocephalus

    Hydropower heartbreaking is not transmitted from patients to healthy people when exposed to normal lines.

    People at risk for Hydrocephalus's disease

    hydrocephalus is associated with birth defects in children and neurological diseases in adults. Some of the determined risk factors of hydrocephalus in newborns include:

  • Poor prenatal care, especially in the first quarter of pregnancy
  • multiple pregnancy
  • Mothers with diabetes, chronic hypertension or pregnancy hypertension
  • Alcohol abuse during pregnancy
  • Family history of people with hydrocephalus.

    • Prevention of Hydrocephalus's disease

    Currently there is no clear measure that has been shown to be able to prevent hydrocephalus. Some things to note to minimize the risk are as follows:

  • Periodic prenatal check -ups on time, conduct a full screening under the guidance of the doctor to detect a hydrocephalus. Children are diagnosed with hydroceps from the moment they are in the womb will be monitored and intervened early, minimizing the complications of the disease.

    • See a doctor for advice on vaccines that need vaccinations before pregnancy, especially in people with impaired immune location.

  • Care baby care, always observe the baby, not neglect to limit the injury to the head area, avoiding unfortunate injuries.
  • Do not play with children by launching children up in the air, especially for babies
  • Full immunization for children
  • Need to take the child to the medical facility immediately if there is any abnormal signs such as big head, eyes looking down, ...
  • In adults, if unfortunately suffer from neurological diseases, you need to go to the doctor early and thoroughly treated.

    • Diagnostic measures for Hydrocephalus's disease

    In addition to the clinical symptoms that patients encounter, to diagnose hydrocephalus, doctors need to exploit history, clinical examination and appoint necessary tests.

    Clinical examination:

    The doctor will directly examine the patient for accurate assessment through the following steps:

    Assessing the child's physical development level

    Measurement of the head cycle

    Eye examination

    Evaluation of sensations and movement

    Assessment of muscle, muscle, weakness.

    Imaging means: is a measure to help diagnose the hydrocephalus in both children and adults.

  • Ultrasound through children in young children helps to observe the hydrocephalus image, sometimes can find the cause of the disease.
  • CT scan of brain
  • MRI of the brain

    • Hydrocephalus's disease treatments

    Hydropower treatment is a surgical intervention, no drug can treat the disease. Symptoms and complications that hydrocephalus brings are quite severe, but if detected early and treated promptly, the disease can be completely healed, bringing many good results. Children can recover quickly and go to school like other children. Some surgical interventions help treat hydrocephalus:

  • Surgical surgery eliminates the cause of disease such as meningeal tumors, brain tumors, and after the skull tumor
  • Interventional intervention for congestion and circulation of cerebrospinal fluids by placing a shunt tube that brings cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular ventricular to other compartments in the body to be absorbed as the cavity Abdominal cavity. Here, cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed and returned to circulation. This technique may be independent or conducted before surgery to solve the cause. The placement of the tube in the abdominal cavity has many risks, including infections, congestion. When children have abnormal signs after placing the catheter, they need to bring them back to the hospital immediately.
  • Endoscopy breaking the ventricular floor floor is a new technique that creates a path of other cerebrospinal fluid circulation without placing a shunt tube. This is an effective method in babies.

    • For children's hydrocephalus, the best time for surgery is about 6 months old. This is the earliest time that children should be treated. Early intervention when the disease has not caused complications to increase the effectiveness of treatment, limit complications and ensure the child's normal intellectual development later. Medical treatment is only effective when used to mitigate symptoms or control of epilepsy.

    Rehabilitation after hydrocephalus treatment

    If there is an abnormal neurological abnormal after surgery, the patient will be rehabilitated to improve nerve function. The recovery process sometimes does not regain the entire function and requires patient patience because this is a long process.

    See also:

  • dangerous complications of hydrocephalus
  • How to diagnose hydrocephalus? Li> How does hydrocephalus form?

    • Disclaimer

    Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

    The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

    Popular Keywords