Hypertension

Hypertension's disease overview

Blood pressure is the pressure of blood flow on the wall. Blood pressure consists of two numbers (eg 140/80mmHg, 130/90mmHg). The higher number is called systolic blood pressure (maximum blood pressure), lower than diastolic blood pressure (minimum blood pressure). According to the current recommendation of the European Cardiovascular Association and the Vietnam Cardiology Association, called hypertension when systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg (American cardiovascular association considers blood pressure ≥130 /80mmHg is hypertension). That is, normal blood pressure must be less than 140/90mmhg

Hypertension is a silent disease over the years, mostly discovered by accident or only if the patient has complications will be detected. Hypertension has many bad consequences if not detected and treated promptly such as: myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, kidney failure ...

Hypertension is divided into two forms: primary hypertension ( idiopathic hypertension ) and secondary hypertension (hypertension with intact intact core). Definitely hypertension is the most common hypertension, accounting for 90% and not determining the cause of hypertension.

Hypertension is a sudden increase in blood pressure to over 180/120mmHg. Hypertension is divided into two categories: Emergency hypertension and emergency hypertension. Emergency blood pressure is defined as increased blood pressure above 180/120mmHg and there is evidence of damage Target organs (hypertension, retinal damage, acute renal failure, myocardial infarction, aortic separation). Emergency hypertension has no target organs. But both of them must be treated immediately and in time.

Causes of Hypertension's disease

Causes of hypertension are also divided into two groups

Definitely hypertension: The cause of

Secondary hypertension: The possible causes:

Kidney diseases: acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, kidney stenosis

Endocrine diseases: adrenal marrow, Cushing, Aldosteron, hyperthyroidism, ..

Cardiovascular diseases: Aortic valve openings (causing solitary hypertension), aortic waist stenosis (causing upper hypertension), atherosclerotic stenosis The circuit affects the renal artery

Due to drugs: licorice, birth control pills, some sympathetic drugs

other causes: pregnancy poisoning, neurological disorders

Symptoms of Hypertension's disease

Hypertension usually has no special symptoms for a long time. Sometimes patients may experience headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath when there is hypertension. Or the symptoms of the target organ damage: blurred vision, severe chest pain, blood, hemiplegia (brain stroke) ... but when these symptoms are often not good.

People at risk for Hypertension's disease

Men

Menopausal women

Family history of hypertension

Obcent, overweight

Little lifestyle is less physical activity

Smoking

Salted, salty diet

Stress and psychological stress

drink a lot of alcohol, beer

Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, sleep apnea syndrome

Prevention of Hypertension's disease

Diet: Reduce salt, lots of green vegetables, low animal fat instead of vegetable oil

Exercise regularly: at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week

Quit smoking, pipe tobacco

Weight loss, maintenance of body mass index (BMI) from 18.5-22.9 kg/m2

Maintain the abdomen under 90cm in men and less than 80cm in women

Limit drinking alcohol

avoid anxiety, nervous tension, relax and rest properly

Diagnostic measures for Hypertension's disease

Diagnosis of hypertension only need to measure blood pressure according to the standard process at the clinic. Or you can wear holter blood pressure (24 -hour blood pressure monitoring), self -measurement of blood pressure at home.

If measuring blood pressure at the clinic: Hypertension when blood pressure ≥ 140/90mmhg

Measure blood pressure by Holter: Hypertension when blood pressure during the daytime ≥ 135/85mmHg, night average blood pressure ≥ 120/70mmhg

Self -measurement of blood pressure at home many times: Hypertension when blood pressure ≥ 135/85 mmHg

Hypertension's disease treatments

Hypertension is a lifetime treatment, unable to quit smoking. It is necessary to maintain medication regularly, avoiding the case of high blood pressure measurement. The goal of treatment for all patients is to bring blood pressure below 140/90mmHg. Special objects can bring blood pressure lower at 130/80mmHg. Take absolute medication as directed by the doctor.

Main hypertension medications:

Calcium channel blockers: Amlodipine, Nifedipin, Felodipin ... can cause side effects are edema, reaction tachycardia. Do not use small nifedipin under the tongue because it can cause hypotension

AT1: Lisinopril, Cappril, Captopl, Vasartan, Losartan ... usually lower, but the transferring enzyme inhibitors can cause dry cough. Inhibiting receptors does not cause cough but the price is high. Effective is equivalent.

Sympathetic beta blockers: metoprolol, bisoprolol ... need to use starting from low doses, increasing

Diuretics: There are many groups of drugs but often use thiazide diuretic. Side effects can cause electrolytes and metabolism.

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