Hypotension

Hypotension's disease overview

Potassium helps to transport voltage signals to cells in the body as well as play a key role for the activity of nerve and muscle cells, especially myocardial cells.What is

What disease?

Hypotension is the term used to refer to the condition in which the concentration of potassium in the blood is lower than normal. Typically, blood potassium concentration is 3.6-5.2 millimoles in a liter of blood (mmol/l). Very low blood potassium (less than 2.5 mmol/l) may be life -threatening and need to be emergency immediately.

Hematopathy learning disease

Potassium is essential for the body:

  • Potassium is essential for neurological and muscle activity. Potassium is the main intracellular ion, with a concentration of about 145 MEQ/L, while the concentration in extracellular fluid is 4 MEQ/L. More than 98% of the potassium in the body is in the cell, the measurement of potassium from the blood samples is relatively non -sensitive because the small vibration in the blood corresponds to a major change in the total potassium reserves of the body.

    • Potassium is also essential for normal function of muscles, both muscular muscles (such as muscles at the arm, hands, ...) and unintentional movement ( such as heart muscle, intestinal wall, ...). Serious abnormalities in potassium concentration can destroy heart function seriously, even leading to cardiac arrest and death. 

  • The amount of blood potassium varies depending on the amount of potassium inside, in addition to the cell and the amount of potassium loss through the kidneys, sweat and fecal. A normal diet will ensure relatively adequate for the addition of daily potassium.

    • Hypokalemia is very dangerous, especially for patients with chronic diseases such as heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. Complications of slow rhythm, reducing myocardial muscle or tachycardia (one of the causes of arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest). Emergency stops circulating in these patients without detecting hypokalemia which will lead to failure due to respiratory muscles that cause respiratory failure, even limb paralysis.

    Causes of Hypotension's disease

    Causes hypokalemia include:

    Kidney damage:

  • Renal acidosis in chronic renal failure and acute renal failure

    • Renal artery stenosis

  • Cushing disease and other adrenal disorders

    • loss of potassium through the stomach and intestines due to:

  • vomiting a lot
  • Excessive indentation due to the use of laxatives

    • Diarrhea a lot

  • After surgery to remove the small intestine

    • The effect of the drug:

  • thiazid diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide or diuretics like Furosemide

  • Medication for asthma or emphysema (drugs that connect beta-adrenergic receptors such as bronchodilators, steroids or theophyline)
  • Antibiotics belonging to the aminoglycosides group
  • AMPHERTICIN BIGHTS B

    • Potassium transporting and out of abnormal cells can reduce the level of potassium in the blood:

  • Use insulin

    • Alkaline infection

  • Reduce food or malnutrition

    • Anorexia

  • Invisible food

    • Surgery surgery

    Alcoholism

    Other reasons such as:

  • Athletes, too excessive sweating workers.
  • Magnesium shortage
  • leukemia

    • Symptoms of Hypotension's disease

    Normally, neuromuscular cells continuously release energy (reducing pole) and then energy regeneration (polarity) to continue releasing energy. When blood potassium concentration is low, cells cannot be polarized and release energy continuously, causing muscles and nerves to not function normally. 

    The manifestations of hypokalemia mainly in the cardiovascular and nervous system

    symptoms of hypokalemia in the nervous system include:

  • Weakness
    • muscle pain
  • Cramps

    • constipation tired

    Symptoms in the cardiovascular system include:

  • Deep (arrhythmia)
  • arousing
  • Minimum blood pressure decreases, posture hypotension
  • Electrocardiogram measurement has a tumor wave, sterilization, extra mind, especially dangerous when severe reduced blood potassium often has a prolonged qt segment and very torsional arrhyths very dangerous for patients' lives if not enough potassium.

    • People at risk for Hypotension's disease

    Women

    African -American

    Dieters, severe patients, lying for a long time, must be nourished through the gastric catheter

    People with gastrointestinal diseases such as:

  • Acute diarrhea or vomiting a lot due to description, typhoid, food poisoning, ...
  • Person who has been indented many times
  • Gastrointestinal tract leak
  • Gastric ulcer due to licorice powder
  • Syndrome of absorption disorders due to the disability of the small intestine of the small intestine

    • Patients are being used diuretics to discharge potassium or at the stage of recovery of acute renal failure, acidosis of renal tubules.

    Take some drugs such as:

  • Bronchodilators connect the beta-adrenergic receptors, the Xanthin group
  • Steroid drugs such as prednisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone
  • Using antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, aminoglycoside with high doses
  • AMPHERTICIN BIGHTS B

    • insulin

  • Verapamil

    • Prevention of Hypotension's disease

    Methods of preventing blood hypokalemia include:

  • Avoid heavy and prolonged physical activities
  • Avoid using herbs or diuretics, laxatives, etc. can cause hypokalemia. Always use the medication as directed and instructed by a doctor as well as a prophylactic and monitoring regime when treating these drugs.
  • Compensate for enough potassium daily in patients with diarrhea or urination due to diuretics. 

    • Diagnostic measures for Hypotension's disease

    Clinical examination

    Testing:

  • Blood test: To check the concentration of potassium, kidney function (bun and creatinin), blood sugar and other electrolytes such as magnesium, calcium, phosphorus. >
    • Low potassium affects the heart rate (causing arrhythmia), so the doctor may request to measure the concentration of digoxin if the patient is taking the drug in the digitalis group.
  • ECG ECG: To detect voltage changes in the heart and some types of arrhythmia caused by low blood potassium.

    • Hypotension's disease treatments

    Potassium replacement therapy is conducted depending on the classification and severity of the symptoms. The treatment of hypokalemia is started as soon as the results of diagnostic determination tests.

  • Mild hypotension: People with no symptoms or mild symptoms only need to drink potassium in the form of tablets or liquid forms. This method is easy to manage, safely, inexpensive and easy to absorb through the gastrointestinal tract, but some preparations with too high dose can cause stomach irritation and vomiting.
  • Severe hypotension:

    • If there is arrhythmia or important symptoms of patients should be transmitted venous potassium. Potassium is slowly transmitted into the vein and carefully monitored for hours to avoid serious heart problems and avoid blood vessel irritation. Measure blood potassium concentration every 1-3 hours.

    Patients need to be hospitalized for monitoring at the Emergency Department. 

    Serious hypokalemia suspected people need to be monitored and infusion.

  • Cases of anti -treatment potassium can be improved with potassium diuretics.
    • Treatment of the cause of hypokalemia:
  • Diarrhea treatment
  • Stop using drugs that cause hypokalemia
  • Additional foods containing potassium like tomatoes, oranges or bananas

    • Potassium supplements with diet and drugs used in patients who are treating diuretic.

  • It is necessary to check the metabolic abnormalities that exist as lower blood magnesium. 

    • See also:

  • Causes and effects of hypokalemia
  • How much blood potassium is normal? > Common problems in electrolytes

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