Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism's disease overview

What is

What is hypothyroidism ? Hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism, reduced thyroid function) is a form of endocrine diseases, thyroid dysfunction that causes thyroid gland not to produce enough hormones such as thyroxine, T3, T4 necessary for metabolism control In the body

The symptoms that can occur when thyroid failure is lower blood calcium or affect the activity of the heart, nervous system and regulate body heat

Very dangerous hypothyroidism, which can lead to death in a short time. Although still able to prevent and treat, some cases may cause non -recovery complications and need complex surgery

Causes of Hypothyroidism's disease

There are 3 main causes of hypothyroidism:

  • Thyroid atrophy is the most common cause
  • Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis

    • Secondary cause after treatment of hyperthyroidism

    The less common causes than the lack of iodine in the daily diet or due to congenital or secondary hypothyroidism after the disease in the pituitary or hypothalamus.

    Symptoms of Hypothyroidism's disease

    Mild thyroid failure often has unclear symptoms, in addition to the common disease in the elderly, patients often think that symptoms are due to old age such as:

  • Unrelved eating
  • constipation
  • Skin pale or dry, prone to cold
  • Memory decreases, depression < /Li>
  • The more husky or deeper voice
  • can breathe or change the heart rate
  • joint pain or muscles
  • Women can Having menstrual problems
  • Patients are less interested in sex
    • such as: enlarged blade (large tongue), body edema: face, limbs, dark skin and shaggy due to thick horny layer.

    People at risk for Hypothyroidism's disease

    Hyperthyroidism has the same influence on both gender and can occur at any age but more common in elderly women

    However, there are several factors that increase the risk of disease such as:

  • Women over 60 years of age
  • autoimmune disorders
  • Families with relatives, parents or grandparents with autoimmune disease
  • Has been treated for iodine radiation therapy or thyroid inhibitors
  • a history of radiation radiation in the neck or upper chest
  • has had thyroid surgery (or a part of glands Giap)
  • was pregnant or gave birth within 6 months

    • Prevention of Hypothyroidism's disease

    Because the manifestation of hypothyroidism is often unclear, the thyroid failure prevents many limitations, but there are some ways to prevent hypothyroidism in patients such as:

  • Patients with anti-TPO increased without clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism, they need to monitor and test annually to detect early and timely treatment
  • Women of reproductive age before preparing for pregnancy need to be tested for early screening for hypothyroidism because the first 3 months of pregnancy when the fetus has not formed the thyroid gland, it is necessary to need to the large amount of thyroid hormone for the formation and development of the nervous system, if in this process without mothers hormones due to mothers with hypothyroidism, babies are susceptible to intellectual and dull developing

    • Children who are children of mothers with hypothyroidism need to be tested for heel blood in the first days after birth to check thyroid disease

  • Hypothyroidism tests need to be done in infertile couples.

    • Diagnostic measures for Hypothyroidism's disease

    Diagnosis of hypothyroidism should be based on both clinical and necessary tests

    Clinically:

    Clinical characteristics are common seals in women aged 40-50 years old, symptoms appear slowly, not frantic so it is easy to confuse with symptoms of menopause. P>

    Skin damage, mucosa is the most specific sign:

  • Change face: round face like the moon, many wrinkles, indifferent, less emotional show
  • eyelid edema, purple cheekbones, thick lips, cyanosis
  • Foot, thick arms, big fingers hard to fold, cold skin, soles of feet, hands are yellow
  • The tongue tongue mucosa makes the tongue enlarged

    • Skin, hard nail hair, dry skin easily flake, dry hair is brittle, nail nails

  • Symptoms of metabolic decrease: body temperature disorders, water regulating disorders, weight gain although eating poorly
  • Cardiovascular symptoms: Bradycardia (less than 60 times/minute ), low blood pressure, may have angina or heart failure
  • neurological-mental-muscles: patients are often tired, wriggling, indifferent, insensitive, impaired Physical, mental and genital activity, automatic neurological disorders (prolonged constipation, reduced intestinal motility), muscle weakness, muscle pain, cramp Endocrine glands: large or normal thyroid gland depends on the cause of hypothyroidism, in women's diseases may be menstruation, menstrual disorders, manifestation of adrenal function.
    • Regarding tests:
  • Quantifying hormones: TSH concentration increases in lesions at the thyroid, normal or low in lesions of the same hypothalam or pituitary
  • IOD 131 concentration at the thyroid gland: lower than normal value
  • thyroid radiography is an extremely useful method in evaluating the functional image of the thyroid gland. This is a modern technique with a typical center such as Vinmec International Hospital with Spect/CT Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro system with CT 16 most modern rows of leading medical equipment company Ge Healthcare (USA) helps to optimize images, especially beneficial for diagnosis of hypothyroidism

    • Hypothyroidism's disease treatments

    There are only a few cases of hypothyroidism caused by a stroke when using synthetic anti -thyroid medications or transient hypothyroidism due to hypothyroiditis can recover. The remaining most cases of hypothyroidism must be replaced with thyroid hormone

    Thyroid hormone replacement drugs or levothyroxine, should be used daily because the body needs to be provided with a new amount of medicine every day

    If the drug is too high, it can cause complications such as: stress, tremor, osteoporosis and increase the bowel movement, need to do blood tests to check the dose of the drug whether to change or not < SEE MORE:

  • Diagnosis of hypothyroidism by thyroid radiography /Li>
  • Children with congenital hypothyroidism develop normally? Thyroid gland

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