Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia's disease overview

iron deficiency anemia , also known as iron deficiency anemia, is a situation that occurs when red blood cells are reduced in both quantity and quality due to lack. iron or in other words, the body is anemic because it does not synthesize enough hemoglobin due to iron deficiency.

iron deficiency anemia is a very common disease that affects billions of people in the world, especially women who are born, pregnant women and young children. More and more people are affected by iron deficiency anemia than any micronutrient deficiency. Before anemia occurred, iron deficiency has affected other functions, such as the immune system, nervous system, reducing immunity, reducing physical activity and impaired cognitive impairment.

iron deficiency has contributed to more than 20,000 deaths per year in children under 5 years old and about a fifth of the mother's death burden.

The role of iron in the body

Iron is a very small trace element in the body, accounting for about 0.004% and is distributed in many types of cells of the body.

Iron involved in the composition of hemoglobin components of red blood cells, myoglobin of muscle pattern and respiratory pigments in tissue and in enzymes. iron is also an important component of cell nucleus, which enhances the immune system by killing bacteria and viruses to enter the body; Help children grow and develop normally, produce and release energy in the body, reduce dysmenorrhea and increase concentration.

The last is iron that enhances vitality, reduces fatigue, is an important component of blood, helps keep and transporting oxygen to cells and removes CO2.

Causes of Iron deficiency anemia's disease

Iron deficiency anemia occurs due to many reasons, but classified by 3 main groups:

Do not provide enough iron demand:

Increased iron demand for puberty children, menstrual periods, pregnant women, nursing mothers ...

Diet iron deficiency: unbalanced diet, diet, alcoholic, elderly, ...

Using some foods that reduce iron absorption such as tannin, coffee, carbonated drinking water, ...

The body is reduced iron absorption due to a number of diseases such as gastritis, bowelitis; Cut stomach, intestines, ...

blood loss due to chronic anemia

Blood loss in cases of the body with stomach ulcer, Meckel excess bag, polyps, vascular tumors, sugar inflammation intestines, urinary tract bleeding; Menstrual loss of blood; After surgery, after injury, uterine fibroids, ...

congenital iron metabolic disorders or other ways are Hypotransferrinemia

occur when the body does not synthesize the transferrin transporting iron. This disease is very dangerous, it leads to many serious complications for the liver, heart, joints such as heart failure, joint pain, diabetes, ...

Symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia's disease

iron deficiency anemia is not an acute disease, but it greatly affects the health and labor productivity of the patient, in the long run can cause danger complications Special danger is pregnant. Therefore know the signs to detect and treat promptly before unpredictable consequences.

Symptoms occur when iron deficiency anemia:

Abnormal fatigue: Fatigue is considered a normal manifestation in life today, but when anemia due to iron deficiency, besides fatigue, there are also signs of signs. Like weak, low energy levels, difficulty concentrating or reducing productivity.

pale skin, pale mucosa: When the iron is deficient, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin for red blood cells, the result will make the skin more pale.

Chest pain, shortness of breath: This symptom becomes worse when exertion, physical activity. This symptom may be because the hemoglobin content in the body is less than normal, resulting in limited shipping oxygen.

Dizziness, dizziness, headache: It originates from oxygen on the brain is not enough to cause blood vessels to swell, putting pressure leading to headaches or migraines. P>

Heart beat fast: This is also a symptom caused by iron deficiency, if not treated promptly can lead to heart failure.

In addition to the common symptoms, there are symptoms: swelling of tongue and mouth pain; Nails and feet are brittle, damaged hair, restless feet, ...

People at risk for Iron deficiency anemia's disease

iron deficiency anemia can occur at any age, in both men and women, both old and young, but the most common subjects are:

Women from childbirth: Disease iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women occurs due to increased iron demand but not enough. Women from childbearing age begins from menstruation, the average iron demand is approximately 1.4 mg/day. However, this amount of iron is difficult to meet if only relying on the diet.

Pregnant women: During pregnancy, the demand for iron increases to develop the fetus, the placenta and the mother. The total amount of iron needed for pregnant women is about 1000mg, so during pregnancy, if not provided enough iron, the condition of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is very easy happens.

Lactating women: Iron is secreted in milk to raise children.

Children, usually children from 6-24 months of age and especially children who are born monthly: at this age, the iron demand is very high. Babies have enough months with good iron reserves, iron demand will be met up to 6 months of age, from the first 6 months onwards the child begins to have iron deficiency, should be offset from additional foods, if Do not supplement enough iron deficiency anemia will occur.

Prevention of Iron deficiency anemia's disease

Diversifying meals, increasing micronutrients into food, supplementing iron capsules and preventing infections, parasitic infections are proposed solutions to prevent anemia and iron deficiency.

Diversifying meals, enhancing communication education

Diversifying meals is the best method to improve the trace elements of the body including iron. To diversify meals, it is necessary to combine different foods to make the meal more balanced in value and micronutrients, while increasing the absorption of nutrients.

Diversifying meals is the optimal choice but it takes the most time to implement. Therefore, communication education plays an extremely important role. Propagating people with how to choose iron -rich foods, limiting the use of foods that inhibit iron absorption and instructions for using vitamin C to increase the ability to absorb iron in the diet.

Example: Instructions for a reasonable diet, encouraging how to prepare seeds, fermentation such as bean sprouts, pickles to increase the amount of vitamin C and reduce phytic acid in reality Products. Drinks such as tea, coffee should be taken away from meals. Increasing iron into food

More than 20 countries in Latin America have launched iron enhancement programs on food on a large scale, most. Regarding foods like wheat and cornstarch.

Currently, iron is enhanced into fish sauce, biscuits, mumsure nutrition cake for women before pregnancy, pregnant and lactating women, ... This helps Very great improvement in iron deficiency anemia in pregnant and lactating women.

Prevention of infections

Parasitic diseases, malaria, infections are also one of the causes of iron deficiency anemia due to iron deficiency disease It is infected with intestinal parasites, causing the greatest harm to the body. Therefore, the prevention of the above diseases is essential.

Annual deworming with Mebendazol and Albendazol, especially for women and children over the age of 2.

Regularly clean the environment, wash hands before eating and after going to the toilet, ...

Supplementing iron tablets for high -risk objects

This is a measure to help quickly improve iron deficiency and especially valuable in cases of increasing demand in the needs. A short and in advance period (as supplemented during pregnancy, women of childbearing age).

As recommended in 2011 we have:

For pregnant women, the additional dose is 60mg of iron/day and 400 µg of folic acid during pregnancy.

After birth after 3 months with the same dose as when pregnant for nursing women, in the severe anemia area> 40%.

Periodic iron supplements for non -pregnant women: iron/folic acid supplements 1 tablet per week for 3 months, 3 months off, then continue to add 3 months. If feasible, repeat this cycle of the year. Applicable to areas with anemia ratio ≥20%.

For pregnant women with anemia: iron/folic acid supplements every day during pregnancy.

Diagnostic measures for Iron deficiency anemia's disease

Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations

appear slowly and depend on the level of iron deficiency

Signs of anemia: pale, pale skin, fast heartbeat, muscle blowing of anemia.

Signs of brain deficiency: Luon, inactive, tired, children show signs of fussing, anorexia.

Signs of nutritional deficiency: standing or weight loss, smooth tongue, dry lips, deformed nails.

Signs of anemia disease: abdominal pain, see stool properties.

Diagnosis based on subclinical results

Blood: MCV reduction, MCH, RDW increase by age.

biochemical: Ferritine reduction (ferritin <30ng/ml) and/or transferrin saturation <30%.

Fertilizer: Find hidden blood in stools, hookworms (children over 2 years).

Distinguish diagnosis:

Chronic inflammatory anemia or chronic infection: iron and chronic transferrin, increased or normal ferritin.

Thalassemia disease and hemoglobin disease: Hemoglobin.

lead poisoning.

Iron deficiency anemia's disease treatments

Treatment of causes and supplements.

Oral iron compensation: Elemental iron 4-6 mg/kg/day, divided 3 times, away from meals.

Injecting: Children can not drink or their families are not care, do not respond to iron treatment.

Sedimentation of red blood cells: indicated when HB <4g/dl or when children with severe anemia are accompanied by perception disorders, mild vessels, heart failure. Red blood cells 2-3ml/kg may be included with Furosemid.

Treatment of the cause of iron deficiency:

Enhance a diet rich in protein and iron, avoiding foods that reduce iron absorption such as milk, cereals, tea, coffee, eggs.

Periodic deworming every 6 months for children over 2 years old.

Body hygiene: Do not go barefoot, wash your hands clean after going to the toilet and before eating.

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