Jaundice

Jaundice's disease overview

What is

Newborn (or Dam) jaundice is the condition of the concentration of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood increased too high, thus absorbing the skin and associated organizations that cause jaundice and mucosa ( Cung Mac, tongue ...) in humans.

For most newborns, jaundice is a physiological phenomenon, appearing within 24 hours after birth and usually ends after 1 week (for children full months) or approximately 2 weeks for babies born Young (<36 weeks old). Infant jaundice is usually because the child's liver is not enough to mature to remove bilirubin in the blood. Therefore, the treatment of jaundice is usually unnecessary.

However, if the time above is that jaundice does not retreat or jaundice more than usual, this is no longer a physiological phenomenon but a pathological condition, requiring intervention. Medical as soon as possible. If slow intervention to lead to jaundice with early manifestations such as:

  • Poor feeding, sleeping, reducing muscle tone, decreasing counterattack, crying in bouts, or children can increase muscle tone, bend, convulsions
  • The majority of children gradually come to a coma and often die in apnea at this stage.
  • Children may have neurological and mental sequelae such as lisp or mute, deaf, squint, blindness, paralysis or more limbs, cerebral palsy -shaped, eye -catching Up, silly, less intelligent.

    • Therefore, it is necessary to actively treat jaundice due to indirect bilirubin in infants, especially in the first 15 days after birth to avoid all brain damage, especially gold. skin.

    Causes of Jaundice's disease

    Bilirubin is one of the degenerative products of red blood cells. After the ending of the Red blood cell (about 120 days) or destroyed by one cause, it is arrested by the endothelial grid and phagocytic, forming 3 components: Globin. , iron ion and kernel. Globin and iron will be reused by the body to synthesize new red blood cells. Only Hem kernel continues to be decalenced and formed bilirubin.

    Normally, Bilirubin formed will be "arrested" by the liver, accumulating in the gallbladder (Bilirubin, also known as the face pigment because it is the main factor that makes the bile fluid yellow) and then excreted it out In addition to the fertilizer (above diagram). However, if the amount of bilirubin is formed too much, too fast (due to hemolysis, causing a series of red blood cells) or due to problems, liver -bile disease (for example, acute hepatitis, biliary obstruction) The liver does not perform the function of eliminating bilirubin will make the concentration of bilirubin in the blood rise, leading to clinical manifestations of jaundice syndrome.

    In newborns, The cause of newborn jaundice is due to the replacement of newborn red blood cells (with the function of nourishing the body during pregnancy) with the chief red blood cells. wall. The newborn red blood cells that are massively broken after birth will lead to a clear bilirubin level and lead to clinical jaundice.

    During pregnancy, the mother's liver will eliminate bilirubin for the fetus. After giving birth, it takes a time for the baby's liver to start working. As a result, bilirubin accumulated in the blood and caused jaundice.

    Children who are at risk of jaundice include:

  • Premature babies (born before the fetus is 36 weeks of age or weight <2500g). Premature babies may not be able to quickly handle bilirubin like newborns. 
  • Children who are not breastfed or formula milk, because they have difficulty breastfeeding or because the mother does not have milk. Inadequate fluid in the body causes the concentration of bilirubin in the blood to increase. Therefore, if the mother does not have enough milk to breastfeed, it is likely that the baby will have jaundice. Formula milk also has jaundice if not provided with enough milk.
  • Children with blood type are not compatible with the mother's blood type (not compatible with Rh or ABO blood type), leading to the formation of antibodies in the mother's blood that can destroy cells. Red blood cells in the child's blood and causing sudden increase in bilirubin levels.

    • Other causes of jaundice in infants include:

  • Bruises at birth or other internal bleeding: Sometimes the baby bruises during birth. If a newborn has a bruise, he or she may have a higher level of bilirubin from the decomposition of those blood cells;
    • infection;
  • Lack of enzymes G6PD;

    • Babies are more likely to get jaundice if: There are siblings with jaundice;

  • Origin is East Asia;
  • There is a certain genetic disorder (Gilbert syndrome, defects of congenital red blood cell membrane (eg: sickle disease, beer red blood cell, disorder Galactose genetic metabolism).
  • There is a disease such as cystic fibrosis or hypothyroidism.

    • Symptoms of Jaundice's disease

    Clinical symptoms

    The level of jaundice depends on the concentration of bilirubin in the blood, from the light skin of the skin is light yellow or bright yellow (straw yellow) to a dark yellow color like brown soil

    The first yellow will appear on the baby's face, then move down the neck and chest. In severe cases, it will continue to spread to the toes, fingers.

    Some other symptoms may appear when bilirubin levels are too high:

  • Eye mucosa is dark yellow;
  • Dark urine;
  • Pale or clay color.
    • Subclinical symptoms
  • Biochemical tests showing high levels of bilirubin in blood and urine (> 17 µmol/l)

    • Imaging diagnostic: Helps to determine diagnosis in some cases of jaundice is caused by congenital disease of the liver and biliary tract.

    People at risk for Jaundice's disease

    Heavy jaundice, if not treated, can cause serious complications.

    Acute brain bilirubin

    bilirubin is toxic to the cells of the brain. If the child has heavy jaundice, at risk of bilirubin enters the brain, a condition called bilirubin acute encephalopathy. Treatment can significantly prevent long -term damage.

    The following signs can show bilirubin acute brain disease in a baby with jaundice:

  • absent -minded, sick or difficult to wake.
  • crying.
  • Lazy sucking or feeding.
    • fever. jaundice

    jaundice is a syndrome that occurs if bilirubin acute toxic bilirubin permanently to the brain. Jaundice can lead to:

  • cerebral palsy.

    • often look up.

  • sounds poor.

    • Intelligence.

    Prevention of Jaundice's disease

    Take care of jaundice at home:

  • The best way to prevent jaundice is for children to eat well. Children need to eat 8 - 12 times / day for the first few days of life. Babies foods should usually have from 30-60 ml of the formula every 2-3 hours for the first week.
  • Re -examination every day until the child is out of jaundice (usually 1 week)
  • closely monitor jaundice.
  • Monitoring to detect signs of heavy jaundice such as: Sleeping chicken, leaving feeding, reducing or increasing muscle tone, crying, fever, cohesive ... P>
  • Need children to see a pediatrician early when children have jaundice, or show signs of heavy jaundice.

    • Mothers need to observe the child's skin under the sunlight every day and when the child is discovered with signs of jaundice: bright yellow skin, lemon yellow, yellow skin coming Abdominal or yellow skin to the feet need to be taken to the hospital immediately for timely examination and treatment.

    Note: The sun has no effect to reduce jaundice for children.

    Diagnostic measures for Jaundice's disease

    After birth, children will be examined by doctors to find out if they are jaundice. Normally, after 3-5 days, when the concentration of bilirubin in the blood reaches the peak, depending on the child's condition, doctors can conclude whether the child has medical jaundice.

    However, there are cases where children leave the hospital early (right after birth) or jaundice appear late, then only family members can detect whether they have jaundice or not. Therefore, it is advisable to take children to see a doctor if they find children with signs such as:

  • jaundice in the abdomen, arms and legs;
  • Jaundice lasts a week> 1 week for children full month or> 2 weeks for premature babies;
  • Golden's white eyes;

    • The baby seems tired or difficult to wake up;

    Baby does not gain weight or anorexia;

  • Children often cry.

    • Therefore, parents need to master how to check whether they have jaundice or not by the following measures:

  • Bring your baby into a room with lots of natural light or under fluorescent lights
  • If you have white skin, gently press your fingers on the forehead, nose or chest and look for yellow on the skin after releasing your fingers
  • If you have dark skin, look for yellow on the gums or white irises.

    • Jaundice's disease treatments

    The treatment of jaundice is completely dependent on the cause of jaundice.

    For newborn jaundice, it will usually go away on its own after about 2-3 weeks. If it does not run out of or there are signs of severe changes, the following treatment must be applied

    Optical treatment method

    This is the simplest, safest and most effective method to date. You put your baby in the cradle, let yourself bare under the fluorescent light and be covered with eyes to protect your eyes during treatment. Ultraviolet light will metabolize the bilirubin form that does not combine to penetrate into the brain tissue and the skin to the form of bilirubin combined for easy transportation in the blood and discharging urine.Immunoglobulin method of intravenously

    This method is used if jaundice causes blood type of mother and baby. In this case, the baby's blood will carry the mother's antibodies. These antibodies will contribute to breaking blood cells. Immunoglobulin is a biosynthetic preparation that restricts these antibodies, so the injecting Immunoglobulin into the body will help reduce the child's jaundice.

    The method of blood replacement

    optical therapy will often be effective, but if the jaundice becomes serious or the baby's bilirubin level will continue to increase regardless of whether it has been positive, the baby needs to be taken. Go to special care to change blood. This blood replacement will replace a baby's blood with high concentration of bilirubin with donated blood with normal bilirubin levels.

    Ensuring children to be fully nutritious (whether breastfeeding or eating external milk) helps children digest better, quickly eliminate bilirubin through stool.

    See also:

  • Distinguish physiological and physiological jaundice
  • What is G6PD Yeast deficiency? Is it dangerous?
  • Pathological jaundice: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

    • Disclaimer

    Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

    The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

    Popular Keywords