Kidney failure

Kidney failure's disease overview

The kidneys are two organs behind the back, on both sides of the spine, just above the waist. The kidneys take on some functions to maintain life. Kidney dialysis by removing excess waste and water, maintaining salt balance and electrolytes in the blood, helping to regulate blood pressure.

What is

kidney failure?

kidney failure or kidney damage is a impaired renal function. There are many causes and pathology leading to renal failure.

About the disease time, people often divide into two groups of diseases: acute renal failure (the term of expertise is called acute kidney damage) and chronic kidney failure (professional terms called chronic kidney disease).

Can kidney failure?

Acute renal failure takes place within a few days and can recover completely or part of the kidney function after being treated appropriately for a few weeks.

In contrast, chronic renal failure is the process of progressing without restoring kidney function. Treatment measures in chronic renal failure only slow down the progression of the disease and prevent complications. When kidney function decreases up to 90%, patients with severe kidney failure and need to be treated for kidneys with dialysis artificial, peritoneal or kidney transplantation .

Most kidney diseases will damage the nephron (a structural unit of the kidney). This damage can prevent the kidneys from removing waste from the body. If not treated, the kidneys can eventually stop working completely. Loss of kidney function is very serious and likely to be fatal.

The possible complications include:

  • Keeping water, can lead to edema in hands and feet, hypertension, acute pulmonary edema
  • Hemorrhage hyperka, which can be life -threatening

    • Cardiovascular disease

  • Weak bones and increase the risk of fractures
  • Anemia
  • Reduce libido or helpless

    • Central nervous system damage, which can cause difficulty focusing, personality changes or convulsions

  • Immune reaction reduction, making the body more susceptible to infection

    • Causes of Kidney failure's disease

    Causes of acute renal failure

    There are three main mechanisms

  • Lack of blood flow to the kidneys

    • Kidney diseases cause

  • Clogged urine out of the kidneys

    • The common cause includes:

  • Trauma causing blood loss

    • Dehydration

  • Kidney damage from blood infections
  • Prostate hypertrophy
  • Kidney damage due to some drugs or toxins
  • Complications during pregnancy, such as eclampsia and pre -eclampsia or related to HELLP syndrome
    • Causes of chronic kidney failure:
  • Diabetes, hypertension

    • glomerulonephritis

    Interstitial renal tubular inflammation

  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Extended congestion of the urinary tract, possibly due to prostate hypertrophy, kidney stones and some cancers
  • The ureter reflux causes urine back to the kidneys
  • Pyelonephritis recurrence many times

    • Symptoms of Kidney failure's disease

    Symptoms of renal failure grow over time if the kidney damage progresses slowly and is often nonspecific. Because the kidneys have very good compensation, in the early stages, the disease usually has no symptoms. Until the symptoms appeared, the disease was late.

    Signs and symptoms may include:

  • Nausea, vomiting

    • Anorexia

  • Tired, chills

    • Sleep disorder

  • Change when urinating: more urinating at night, foam urine, more urine more or less than normal, urine is lighter or darker than usual, Bloody urine, feeling tight or difficult urination, ...
  • Mental decline, dizziness, dizziness
  • muscle convulsions and cramps

    • Hiccon

  • Foot, hands, face, neck, neck

    • Persistent itching

  • Chest pain (if infusion)
  • Difficulty breathing (if there is pulmonary edema)
  • Hypertension is difficult to control
  • The bad breath
  • back pain

    • People at risk for Kidney failure's disease

    Most acute renal failure comes with other previous diseases.

    Factors that increase the risk of acute renal failure include:
  • The condition that needs hospitalization, especially for serious condition requires special care

    • Old age

    Peripheral artery disease clog blood vessels in the limbs

    diabetes

  • Hypertension
  • Heart failure

    • Other kidney disease

    Liver disease The factor may increase the risk of chronic renal failure including:

  • diabetes
  • Hypertension

    • Heart disease

  • Smoking

    • obesity

  • There is high blood cholesterol level
  • Race: African -American, indigenous American or Asian Americans
  • Family history of kidney disease
  • from 65 years of age

    • Prevention of Kidney failure's disease

    Lifestyle changes:
  • Keep blood pressure on the right goal of the doctor. For most people, the goal of blood pressure is usually less than 140/90 mm Hg
  • Control of sugar and cholesterol in blood
  • Daily exercise, maintain the ideal weight
  • No smoking

    • Change of diet:

  • Drink enough water for a day from 1.5-2 liters, drink more on hot days or exercise a lot of sweat
  • Make a diet to reduce salt, reduce protein, reduce grease

    • Diagnostic measures for Kidney failure's disease

    Check blood pressure

    Testing for kidney function:

  • Blood test of glomerular filtration test (GFR)
  • Urine tests check the albumin concentration in urine. Albumin is a protein that can be present in urine when the kidneys are damaged

    • Abdominal ultrasound to assess the structure and kidney size.

    Other imaging methods: depending on the case, as directed by the doctor.

    Kidney biopsy to find the cause of kidney disease.

    Kidney failure's disease treatments

    Compliance with diet for people with renal failure: enough energy and nutrition but reduce protein, salt to treat the cause of the disease:

    Depending on the cause, some types of kidney failure can be treated. However, kidney damage can continue to deteriorate even if the causes of kidney failure have been well controlled.

    Normally, chronic renal failure has no complete cure. The main treatment is to help control signs and symptoms, reduce complications and slow down the disease.

    Treatment of end -stage renal failure (when kidney function decreases to less than 50%)

  • Peritonics

    • Hemodialysis

  • kidney transplant, patients need to take medicine for lifelong to help the body adapt to the kidneys that have been grafted

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