Kidney syndrome in adults

Kidney syndrome in adults's disease overview

Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical and biochemical syndrome, appearing when there is a glomerular damage caused by many different pathological conditions, characterized by edema, high proteinuria, blood protein decreases, Blood lipid disorders and may pee.

Kidney is the main secretion of the urinary system in the body. It has a light brown bean shape, the front is smooth and the back is rough, with a convex bank, a concave bank. Each kidney has a length of about 10 - 12.5 cm, 5–6 cm wide, 3–4 cm thick and weighs about 170g.

The kidney plays a very important role in the human body, helping to clear and remove toxins from the body, the main functions of the kidney include:

  • Dialysis function and waste: the kidneys will filter the waste between protein and blood cells. These wastes are secreted, then go to the filter to form urine.
  • The function of regulating blood volume: the kidneys play an important role in controlling the amount of extracellular fluid in the body by producing urine. So when we drink plenty of water, the amount of urine will increase and vice versa.

    • kidney helps to mix blood dissolved substances, pH of extracellular fluid and synthesis of blood cells: kidneys help regulate the concentration of ions in the blood. In addition, through the synthesis of vitamin D to support the control of calcium ions in the blood.

    Each kidney consists of 1 million filters called glomerular filters to clean blood toxic blood. Healthy kidneys will retain important substances called protein in the blood. With this syndrome, the kidney removes protein along with other waste from the body while urinating. Kidney syndrome causes swelling (edema), especially in the patient's feet and ankles and increases the risk of other health problems.

    There are up to 30% of patients with kidney syndrome in adults.

    Causes of Kidney syndrome in adults's disease

    The cause of kidney disease is divided into two groups.

    Raw damage kidney disease

    partially localized glomerular bottle:

  • Radio -fibrous glomerular, among the fibrous glomerular, there is only a few abnormal glomeruli.
  • often have hypertension, GFR decreases, normal urine sediment.
  • progress: 50% die in 10 years.

    • glomerular disease:

  • There are IgG stagnant in the basic glomerular membrane (outside).
  • accounts for 30-50% of the cause of nephrotic nephrotic in adults.
  • Early kidney function can be normal.
  • progress: 50% died in 10 years.

    • Glomerular disease hypertension medium tissue cell:

  • There is a immune complex on the basic membrane of the glomeruli
  • Hypertension, GFR decreased, abnormal urine sediment.
  • Slowly progress: 50 - 60% die in 10 years.
  • Film growth disease
  • Radio glomerulonephritis, IgA kidney disease
    • Secondary kidney disease

    after an infection:

  • Acute glomerulonephritis.

    • endocarditis.

    Malaria, syphilis period 2.

    Hepatitis b.

    Due to drugs:

  • Anti -venom, anti -toxin, contrast drug.

    • Organic and inorganic mercury.

  • Cancers.

    • Nephrotic syndrome in general diseases:

  • Disturbance of powder.
    • diabetes.
  • Systemic red lupus: usually without hypertension, renal function decreases rapidly. Normal cholesterol suggests lupus damaged kidney syndrome.
    • artery inflammation.
  • Goodpasture syndrome.
  • Schonlein Henoch.

    • Symptoms of Kidney syndrome in adults's disease

    Clinical symptoms when patients with kidney syndrome:

    edema: edema increases rapidly in a few days or weeks.

  • Patients easily recognize with weight gain.

    • In adults, weight can increase from 20 - 30kg.

  • Patients may edema, especially eyelid edema and down to the lower limb, abdomen and genitals.
  • The edema often manifests itself in the low area of ​​the body, pressing the edema that feels soft, concave and does not cause pain. There may be fluid in the abdomen. Seeing fluid on one side or on both sides.
  • Severe cases, there may be epidemics in the pericardium

    • Little small:

  • Patients with only urine usually less than 500ml/day, sometimes only 200 - 300ml when the patient is much.

    • Patients feel tired, poor appetite or with hypertension.

    People at risk for Kidney syndrome in adults's disease

    Subjects at risk of kidney syndrome in adults :

  • Patients with kidney damage diseases such as diabetes, lupus, degenerative powder, glomerular disease to minimal injury and other kidney diseases.
  • Patients who use some drugs that can cause nephrotic syndrome such as non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs and antibiotics

    • Patients with infections increase the risk of nephrotic syndrome including HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and malaria.

    Drug addicts (such as heroin, for localized glomerular fibrosis)

  • Usage and abuse of pain for prolonged pain.

    • Pre -eclampsia

    Prevention of Kidney syndrome in adults's disease

  • To prevent disease, patients must not arbitrarily use immunosuppressive drugs.
  • Patients should prevent upper respiratory tract colds, dermatitis.
  • Patients must not arbitrarily quit, or take the dose reduction, do not take unknown drugs.
  • There is a reasonable diet, no beer, alcohol; no smoking; Eat less meat, reduce fat and boost vegetables.
  • Patients avoid labor too hard.
  • Hypertension prevention, if hypertension needs to be treated and controlled blood pressure.
  • Treatment of urinary stones and limiting salt use; Preventing urinary tract infections and timely treatment of urinary tract infections.

    • Diagnostic measures for Kidney syndrome in adults's disease

    Clinical:
  • edema: edema is the first clinical sign that the patient should be taken to the hospital. Fluor appears quickly, there is no sign of notice. The edema is usually big and very large, the body is accompanied by ascites, sometimes with pleural effusion and testicular membrane. Weight increased rapidly 20% - 25% of body weight. Eat light does not decrease, often prolonged.
    • Little urine: urine is usually less than 500ml/ 24h, sometimes less than a few dozen ml of the day. Yellow urine, no urination, urination.
  • blue skin, due to keeping water, very pink mucosa.
  • tired, poor appetite
  • usually no fever
    • Subclinical:

    Clinical symptoms:

  • High protein: at least over 3.5g/24h with gases to several tens of grams in 24 hours.

    • Blood protein decreased below 60g/l, especially blood albumin decreased below 30g/l, blood globulin increased, a/g ratio <1.

    increased blood lipids, mainly increased cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. Increased total lipids are less valuable.

  • Sodium sodium usually decreases slightly, low -blood potassium, low sodium, increasing potassium.
  • Urine often has optical extract, little urinary leukemia, no urinary bacteria.
  • Increasing blood sediment.
  • Immune Globulin Electrical Electricity: IgG decreases, IGM increases, IgA is less.

    • Normal glomerular filtration level, only reduced when kidney failure.

  • Number of red blood cells, HB, HCT decreased slightly.

    • Renal biopsy: Depending on the degree of kidney damage.

    Diagnostic standard:

  • Phu.

    • proteinuria:> 3.5g/ 24 hours or> 40mg/ m2 skin/ hour.

    Blood protein decreased below 60g/l, blood albumin decreased below 30g/l

  • Hyper cholesterol> 6.4 mmol/l
  • There is dual -greasy grease, fat pillar, cylindrical cylinder in urine

    • Kidney syndrome in adults's disease treatments

    Treatment of kidney syndrome in adults should comply with some principles:

  • monitor and maintain fluid balance in the body:
  • Monitor urine out, blood pressure, weight, ion map, urea, creatinin daily, GFR

    • Restricting water <1 liter

    diuretic (IV Furosemide)

  • Conservation of kidney function:
  • Discounts.
  • Transfer inhibitors, inhibitors Angiotensin.
  • Good blood pressure control, HA 125/75 mmHg

    • In addition to preventing and treating complications, it is necessary to have a separate treatment for each cause.

    See also:

  • What should kidney damage syndrome should eat well?
  • Instructions on how to care & eat for kidney dysfunction

    • What is proteinuria, what does it mean in diagnosis of urinary kidney disease?

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