Laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal cancer's disease overview

What is

laryngeal cancer?

laryngeal cancer is laryngeal carcinoma, mainly in the type of scaled cell cancer, which occurs when the epithelial growth in a controlled manner and tumor formation. Laryngeal cancer is divided into 5 stages. Like other types of cancer, signs of laryngeal cancer often have unclear manifestations that make it easier for patients to ignore. The laryngeal cancer can invade the surrounding tissue and metastasize far from lymph and blood sugar, most commonly metastatic to the lungs. Causes of laryngeal cancer have not been clearly studied but many risk factors of the disease have been determined. Surgery, chemotherapy, laryngeal radiation therapy are the treatments being used.

This is a common disease that accounts for about 20% in general cancers in Vietnam and lined up in the second in the head of the neck, behind the cancer of the throat. Research in the US shows that the survival rate after 5 years of laryng cancer is 60%.

Causes of Laryngeal cancer's disease

Causes of laryngeal cancer has not been understood exactly. Any factor that changes the growth of larynx cell epithelium can lead to laryngeal cancer. The change in the cell's DNA is the beginning of a malignant disease. A change of DNA will change the cell growth process, most cases of cells will produce controlled instead of death under the program.

Although not sure the reason for changing DNA of laryngeal epithelium, many factors have been shown to increase the risk of laryngeal cancer such as cigarettes, alcohol, working in the factory Chemicals and beaks with nickel, asbestos, have been radiotherly in front of the neck, persistent oral infections, persistent ear, nose and throat, lack of nutrition, lack of vitamins, chronic laryngitis, hornyness, white products, white products, The papillary of the sound wire.

Symptoms of Laryngeal cancer's disease

Signs of laryngeal cancer should be identified because laryngeal cancer has a cure rate of up to 80% if detected and treated at an early stage and most cases of late detection cases are usually often. Due to subjective. Symptoms of laryngeal cancer depend on the size and position of the tumor, including:

The hoarseness of

hoarseness appears in people over 40 years old and lasts more than 3 weeks is a symptom of malignant disease suggestion. At that time, the patient needs to see a doctor immediately.Persistent cough is one of the signs of laryngeal cancer that patients need to pay attention. Cough is stimulant, sometimes coughing each contractions. When the disease is worse, it is difficult to swallow, choke food into the respiratory tract may be the cause of the cough that the patient faces.

Difficulty breathing

Difficult manifestation may appear early or at the same time with hoarseness, at first shortness of breath when exertion later appear more often. The bigger the tumor size, the more compression of the airway, making the symptoms worse.

Difficult to swallow

often appear after hoarseness and shortness of breath, at this time the tumor has spread to the pharyngeal area accompanied by signs of ear pain. Patients at this stage cannot eat rice, only eat porridge or drink milk, even have to put stomach sonde pipes to pump food. It can be felt pain when swallowed.

The weight loss of unknown weight is a whole body that suggests malignant pathology, if accompanied by the aforementioned abnormalities are clear evidence of laryngeal cancer.

The above symptoms are generally not specific because there are many other diseases. So when there are any signs of laryngeal cancer mentioned above, the patient should seek the advice of medical experts.

People at risk for Laryngeal cancer's disease

Although the cause of laryngeal cancer has not been known exactly, people with the following factors are classified as a risk group, capable of high laryngeal cancer:

  • Men: Men with laryngeal cancer with 4 times higher than women.
    • age: The greater the risk of the disease, especially in groups of people over the age of 55.

    Ethnicity: African -Americans have laryngeal cancer higher than white people. Occupation: Working in an environment that is constantly exposed to nickel, sulfuric acid and dust, which increases the risk of laryngeal cancer.

    Smoking: as well as lung cancer, throat cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, smokers are also more susceptible to laryngeal cancer. Smokers over 25 cigarettes/day or over 40 years are 40 times higher than the laryngeal cancer than a group of non -smokers.

    Alcohol: People drink alcohol more prone to laryngeal cancer, especially in individuals who both smoke and abuse alcohol. The risk increases proportional to the amount of drinking alcohol. Drinking alcohol increases the possibility of laryngeal cancer 3 times. History: People with head cancer in the neck increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. Parents, siblings or children diagnosed with the head cancer of the neck also increase the risk of up to 2 times.

  • Diet: Eat plenty of red meat, processed meat and fried foods along with a deficiency of vitamin A, which increases the risk of disease.
  • Human papilloma virus (HPV): It is thought to change epidermal cells and body epithelium such as cervical epithelium, anus, mouth and throat. HPV is transmitted by sex, including oral relationship.

    • Prevention of Laryngeal cancer's disease

    Experts believe that most laryng cancer can be prevented by setting up a healthy lifestyle. Building good habits as follows:

  • Do not use tobacco and alcohol, especially not to use both substances at the same time.
  • Keeping oral hygiene not only helps you have a healthy teeth but also helps prevent the risk of simple but effective head -neck cancers.
  • Limit the intake of fried foods, fast food, salt food (vegetables, tubers, salt). Actively eat fresh foods, a diet high in green vegetables, especially tomatoes, citrus fruits, olive oil, fish oil, vitamin -rich foods are a way to prevent many types of cancer, including bags including laryngeal cancer.
  • Periodic health examination: Regular health check is very important, especially for people aged 40 - 50, helping to detect cancer lesions, Optimize the effectiveness of treatment later. It is recommended that people over 45 years old are hoarseed or the tumor on the neck does not explain the examination at experts within 2 weeks.

    • Diagnostic measures for Laryngeal cancer's disease

    Diagnosis of laryngeal cancer includes diagnosis and stage diagnosis to build an effective treatment regimen for each specific patient.

    Diagnosis identifies laryngeal cancer

    The diagnosis is based on prehistoric exploitation, clinical examination and testing of tests. Some methods that help diagnose laryngeal cancer such as:

  • Laryngeal screening is a method to help observe the patient's larynx clearly. There are 2 ways: indirect larynx and direct larynx.
  • Indirect larynx: The doctor uses a small mirror to check your larynx, search for abnormal areas and check the two sound wires with normal mobile. or not. It may be anesthetic in the throat to avoid vomiting.
  • Direct larynx: The doctor will be placed through the patient's nose or mouth with a thin tube with a light lamp called larynx. In this way, the doctor can see the areas where they cannot see on the mirror. Local anesthesia helps reduce discomfort and against vomiting. Can be used a mild sedative to help patients relieve stress. Sometimes doctors can use systemic anesthesia.
  • Computerized tomography: X -ray machine will be connected to the computer will take a series of detailed images of the neck. You may have to inject a special color dye that helps your larynx will be clearly displayed on the image. Thanks to the computer -class cutting method, doctors can clearly see the larynx tumors or other positions in your neck.

    • Anatomy (biopsy): If the signs of abnormalities appear, doctors can take away a small piece of organized to do anatomical test. Anatomy is the only way to confirm the tumor is malignant or benign. Diagnosis of laryngeal cancer stage

    In order to make the best treatment plan, the doctor needs to evaluate the stage, the spread of tumors to the pulse organizations Around and distant metastasis. Laryngeal cancer is divided into 5 stages as follows:

    Laryngeal cancer stage 0

    At this stage, cancer cells are only found in the larynx. If detected at this stage, the disease can be successful and completely cured.

    Laryngeal cancer stage 1

    The tumor has been formed and only in the larynx has not been invasive to other organs. The tumor in the area of ​​the upper Thanh Mon, or Thanh Mon, Ha Thanh Mon and the sound wire often go to normal.

    Laryngeal cancer stage 2

    The tumor is still only in the larynx but has changed in the positions of the tumor, at this time the sound cord may not move anymore.

    Laryngeal cancer stage 3

    At this time the tumor has spread outside the larynx.

  • Thuong Thanh Mon: The tumor in the larynx or the larynx tissue, two unusual mobile bars, the tumor can now spread to the lymph nodes in the neck and the side of the same side With tumors and lymph nodes greater than 3cm.
  • Tumor: The tumor is only in the larynx and two non -mobile bars. The tumor can spread into the same neck as the tumor and the lymph node is less than 3cm.
  • Lower bar: At this time the tumor is only seen in the larynx, 2 non -mobile rods, the tumor can spread to the lymph nodes on the same neck as the block. U and lymph nodes are smaller than 3 cm.

    • Laryngeal cancer stage 4

    The tumor has begun to invade other organs, the lymph nodes spread wide with a bigger size.

    Laryngeal cancer's disease treatments

    Laryngeal cancer treatment is decided after the disease is determined. Specific treatment depends on the location, size and stage of the tumor. Treatment methods include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or combination of many methods.

    Radiotherapy laryngeal

  • Radiation therapy is a measure of using high -energy X -rays to kill cancer cells. X -rays attack the tumor and organize around. This is a local treatment and only affects cells in the mat. A 5 -day treatment for 5 to 8 weeks.
    • laryngeal cancer can be treated with radiation therapy alone or combined with surgery or chemicals.

    Radiation therapy: Treatment for small tumors or patients who are unable to surgery.

  • Radiation therapy combined with surgery: Radiation therapy is used to shrink the tumor size before surgery or kill cancer cells remaining or relapse after surgery. P>
  • Radiotherapy combined with chemicals: Radiation therapy can be treated before or after chemotherapy.
  • After the radiation, there are many patients who need to be temporarily nourished by the gastric catheter.

    • Laryngeal cancer surgery

    Surgical treatment is a surgical measure to remove laryngeal tumor. The method of surgery is mainly based on the size and position of the tumor, which is classified into many types:

  • Cut all the larynx.
  • Cut a part of the larynx:
  • Cut the larynx on the bar
  • Cut the sound wire: Remove one or two sound wires

    • Sometimes the surgeon also dredged the lymphadenopathy, removing the neck lymph nodes when there is metastasis. During laryngeal surgery, surgeons may need to open trachea. The air will circulate through this open hole. The hole is sometimes only temporary, until the patient recovers after surgery. After surgery, some patients may need a temporary nourishment.

    laryngeal cancer chemotherapy

    Cancer chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Doctors can use one or more combined drugs depending on the treatment regimen. The drugs used in laryngeal cancer are often used by intravenously. There are many ways to use chemicals in laryngeal cancer:

  • Chemotherapy before surgery or radiation: For the purpose of small tumors before surgery or radiation.
  • Chemotherapy after surgery and radiation: The drug is used to kill the remaining cancer cells. Chemicals are also used in the case of distant metastases.
  • Chemotherapy can be used with radiation for surgery. The larynx is not removed and the voice remains the same.
    • Care after laryngeal cancer treatment

    After solving laryngeal tumors, the support treatment then also plays a very important role. When the larynx has been partially or completely removed, the language therapies should be applied on the patient. It is necessary to re -examine every three months in the first two years, and every six months in the next 2 years by cancer experts and ear, nose and throat experts.  It is necessary to take measures to help laryngeal cancer to integrate into the community after treatment.

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