Larynx

Larynx's disease overview

laryngeal diphtheria are cases of diphtheria where the starting position in the reproductive bacteria is larynx. Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection with almonds, nose, pharynx and larynx. The disease may appear on the skin or other mucosa such as the eye or the genital mucosa. This is a disease that manifests that infections and serious lesions of the disease are mostly caused by the toxin of diphtheria bacteria (corynebacterium diphtheria). The disease may be seen at any age but children 2-7 years old are most common, so it is often known as laryngeal diphtheria in children . The main source of infection is that the patient will be healthy when direct contact, sneezing ... Clinically, diphtheria can also encounter other forms such as diphtheria, diphtheria. . Diphtheria is common in breastfeeding children.

Children with laryngeal diphtheria if not detected early and timely treatment will lead to dangerous cardiovascular, neurological and kidney complications, especially at risk of respiratory obstruction. Coming coma and death if not emergency in time. This disease has many very dangerous complications, so when laryngeal diphtheria should be actively treated at the medical facility and monitor complications of the disease to avoid death from breathing and suddenly cardiovascular collapse. .

Causes of Larynx's disease

Causes of disease laryngeal diphtheria has been determined by coryneeebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria bacteria are an aerobic and non -mobile gram -positive bacteria. The bacteria can only produce foreign toxins when the bacterium itself is infected with a special virus called bacteriophage. Clinically, only bacterial strains have the ability to produce toxins that cause pathogens with dangerous complications. When screening under a microscope, diphtheria bacteria are very slender in the shape of a drum or rod and a characteristic arrangement as the fence. Diphtheria bacteria are divided into three types, Gravis, Intermedius and Mitis in the order of decreasing disease. All three types of bacteria have the ability to produce toxins but the serious illness is often caused by the gravis.

All diphtheria bacteria are sensitive to physical and chemical elements. Under direct sunlight, bacteria will die after a few hours, the indoor light will be destroyed after a few days. At 580C bacteria for about 10 minutes, in 1% phenol medium and 60 degrees of bacteria can only survive 1 minute. The nature of diphtheria toxins is a protein with specific antigens, high toxicity and poor heat resistance. The toxin of different diphtheria bacteria is the same. External diphtheria toxin when treated by temperature and formol will lose poison, called detoxification used as vaccines for vaccination.

Symptoms of Larynx's disease

Signs and Symptoms of laryngeal diphtheria usually starts from two to five days after infection and may include:

  • Fever and chills
  • Objects in children often manifest crying, nursing

    • runny nose

  • Difficulty breathing and rapid breathing especially in babies who are still breastfeeding due to shortness of breath, so when they breastfeed, they have to stop to breathe.
    • swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck
  • Barking Cough

    • hoarseness

  • A thick gray membrane in the throat

    • Diphtheria laryngeal is a serious disease that progresses rapidly and extremely dangerous. Because the larynx is the narrowest place of the airway, if the fake membrane develops here, the risk of obstruction of the airway is very fast, leading to coma and death.

    Transmission route of Larynx's diseaseLarynx

    Diphtheria bacteria spread through the following paths:

  • Drops of shot in the air. When a person is infected with sneezing or coughing up droplets of bacteria, nearby people can inhale and contaminate leukemia. In fact, diphtheria mainly spreads in this way, especially in crowded places.

    • Personal items infected. Diphtheria can also be spread through contact or use of diphtheria contaminated items. 

  • polluted household appliances. In rare cases, diphtheria spread on common household items, such as towels or toys.

    • In addition, it may be exposed to diphtheria bacteria by touching an infected wound.

    Those who have been infected with diphtheria bacteria and have not been treated can be infected with people who are not infected within six weeks - even if they do not have any symptoms. Come on.

    People at risk for Larynx's disease

    People at risk of laryngeal diphtheria include:

  • Children and adults are not vaccinated
  • crowded or unsanitary living conditions
  • passing or living in an area where diphtheria is currently in diphtheria

    • Today diphtheria rarely occurs in the United States and Western Europe, which has a high rate of vaccination for children to prevent diphtheria for decades. However, diphtheria is still common in developing countries where the vaccination rate is low. In places with a high ratio of diphtheria vaccination, this disease is mainly a threat to those who have not been vaccinated or inadequate vaccinations, people traveling abroad or in contact with those. Patients from underdeveloped countries.

    Prevention of Larynx's disease

    Before antibiotics, diphtheria is a common disease in young children. Today, this disease can not only be cured but can also be prevented with vaccines.

    Diphtheria vaccines are usually combined with tetanus and pertussis (pertussis). The three-in-one vaccine is called a diphtheria vaccine, tetanus and pertussis. The latest version of this vaccine is called a six vaccine in a room of the following diseases: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, diseases caused by Hib and polio. Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine is one of the vaccines that doctors in the United States recommend during the newborn. Vaccination consists of a series of years of injection, usually injected with children or thighs for children of the ages:

  • 2 months
  • 4 months
  • 6 months
  • 15 to 18 months
  • 4 to 6 years

    • Diphicella vaccine is effective in preventing diphtheria. But there may be some side effects. Some children may have a mild, fussy, crying, or pain in the injection site after vaccination. Rarely, diphtheria vaccines cause serious complications in children, such as allergic reactions (urticaria or rash within minutes after injection), convulsions or shock - complications may be possible Treatment.

  • Some children - such as children with epilepsy or some other neuropathy should not be vaccinated.
  • After the initial series of immunization in childhood, it is necessary to repeat the diphtheria vaccine to help maintain immunity. Due to immunity for diphtheria died over time.
  • Children who are vaccinated recommended before 7 years of age should be reiterated first about 11 or 12 years old. The next prompt was recommended 10 years later, then repeated after a period of 10 years. The injection is especially important if you go to a common diphtheria area.

    • Diphore vaccine is often combined with tetanus vaccine (TD). This combination vaccine is usually injected into the arm or thigh.

    Diagnostic measures for Larynx's disease

    Diagnostic diphtheria diagnosis is determined by clinical and subclinical signs. Immediately after the medical examination, if thinking of diphtheria (based on the characteristics of epidemics, immunity, clinical manifestations), the most important test is to take fake maces or the specimens in the suspected lesions. . However, if clinically, diphtheria should be conducted immediately without waiting for subclinical results.

    Quick testing of diphtheria bacteria thanks to gram dyeing. The bacteria can catch gram -panged, slender, drum shapes, arranged in a fence style. When the test is not found, leukemia is not found while dyeing is not possible to eliminate diphtheria.

    Determined diagnosis must be based on transplantation and identification of bacteria but this process usually requires longer. In addition to culture to isolate diphtheria bacteria, the product is usually cultured on jelly plates to find beta -soluble streptococcus because this bacterium also causes symptoms in the same pharyngeal.

    Larynx's disease treatments

    Diphtheria is a serious disease. Patients need to be treated immediately and positively with the following drugs:

  • Anti -diphtheria toxin. 

    • If suspected to have diphtheria, children or infected adults will be used an anti -leukemia. Anti -toxic drugs, injected into a vein or intramuscularly, neutralizing diphtheria toxins circulated in the body. Before taking anti -toxic drugs, skin allergies should be performed to ensure that patients are not allergic to toxic anti -toxic drugs. 

    In cases where allergies must first be sensitive to toxic anti -toxic drugs. Hypersensitivity is performed by initially giving toxic doses and then increasing the dose.

  • Antibiotics
  • Diphtheria is also treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics help kill bacteria in the body, clean infections.
  • Children and adults with diphtheria often need to go to the hospital for treatment. Cases of disease can be specially isolated because diphtheria can easily spread to anyone who is not vaccinated.
  • In the case of late laryngeal diphtheria, there is signs of respiratory obstruction, which need to perform the removal of the airway to help the airways.

    • See also:

  • Where is the larynx and how does it work? Li>
  • How to care for and treat acute laryngitis in children

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