Larynx

Larynx's disease overview

What is

laryngeal tuberculosis?

laryngeal tuberculosis is a specific laryngitis caused by tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The laryngeal tuberculosis is a secondary tuberculosis form after a pristine tuberculosis, local larynx. This is a tuberculosis form of the lungs that are closely related to tuberculosis. Starting from the lungs, the tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum, the pus is exposed to the larynx when passing through this organ and causes infection, especially when there are inflammatory lesions, edema, slip, ... Secondary After preliminary tuberculosis, the local laryngeal disease is more susceptible to the disease. In addition, tuberculosis bacteria also reach the larynx with lymph and blood sugar.

laryngeal tuberculosis is very rare, with the incidence of 1%. The incidence of the 4-5 largest in the group of tuberculosis is in the lungs, the sequelae of laryngeal tuberculosis is affecting the voice, swallowing and breathing.

Is the laryngeal tuberculosis?

Laryngeal tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is capable of rapidly transmitting through the airway by saliva, sputum fluid of the patient. However, the patient will be completely transmitted when treating tuberculosis drugs for more than 2 weeks when the sputum test directly finds negative sputum AFB. It is necessary to be cautious when exposed to laryngoid tuberculosis and implementing measures to prevent infection is extremely necessary. The spread of infection is directly from a bronchial or blood spread.

The most common symptom related to laryngeal tuberculosis is hoarseness that can be accompanied by shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing, cough.

To reduce the complications of laryngitis, in addition to taking anti -tuberculosis drugs for treatment, patients also have to take anti -inflammatory and edema drugs to preserve the voice and improve breathing difficulties as directed by the specifications. Doctors and patients need periodic health monitoring.

  • How many types of tuberculosis?

    • Causes of Larynx's disease

  • The cause of laryngeal tuberculosis is the tuberculosis bacteria in humans named M.Tuberculosis with the characteristics: alcohol resistance, acidic resistance, complete aura, slow development 20-24 hours Breeding once. Bacteria that cause laryng laryngology in three roads: respiratory tract, white veins, blood sugar.
  • TB bacteria often penetrate the body through the respiratory tract. From the initial local, tuberculosis bacteria through blood, lymph, respiratory approach the part of the body causing tuberculosis in those parts of the body.

    • Symptoms of Larynx's disease

    Mechanical symptoms
  • The most important sign of laryngeal tuberculosis is to change the voice. Expression is hoarseness. The hoarseness appeared early, at first, the hoarse sound was dim and then lost the last color, the voice was completely lost. This is the most common symptom in the larynx. The hoarseness is increasing, even causing losing the sound when the sound wire is completely destroyed.
  • Swallow or pain when swallowing, choke when drinking water due to the poorly mobile larynx lid, not tightly covered or destroyed. Due to damage to the cartilage area and the back edge causes swallowing pain. Pain increases when eating, drinking, coughing or speaking.
    • cough: usually due to lung disease. If the cough has the following characteristics, it is necessary to think about the pathology in the larynx: the patient is cleared, coughing, coughing, sometimes coughing like pertussis. Coughing is also different, hearing oh, timid; At first dry cough, after coughing with phlegm, pus.
  • Difficulty: appear late, patients often only have severe breathing in the final stage, due to severe damage. Difficulty breathing appears later due to edematous sound wire, bulk tumor into the larynx or scarring scarring, narrowing the larynx. Sudden shortness of breath appears after stimuli such as laparoscopy, biopsy or difficulty breathing continuously with the screeching characteristics, sometimes the whistling so that the patient is not able to bear it at night. P>

    • Laryngeal tuberculosis can be confused with other diseases with the same symptoms of hoarseness, shortness of breath, whistle like laryngitis caused by other bacteria, flu, cancer of bar cancer Quan, polyps, laryngoid papillomas, sound paralysis, bronchial tuberculosis, mediastinum or pulmonary pinched into the trachea ... to diagnose the disease, must conduct bronchoscopy, biopsy to diagnose tissue Disease and find coordinated damage.

    The laryngoscopy in addition to diagnosis is also very helpful for the appointment of the trachea to open the trachea. When the larynx is narrow, the patient is difficult to breathe, and the trachea must create a connection with the outside without the larynx. This is a mandatory indication.

  • Systemic symptoms: The afternoon, thin fever often depends on the lung lesions, the larynx tuberculosis is simply with systemic symptoms.
    • Physical symptoms

    laryngeal lesions are detected based on indirect larynx, Optic 700 laparoscopy or soft pipe or through bar scan Direct management.

    The symptoms are seen through the following stages:

  • In the first stage: usually nonspecific, pink larynx mucosa, two congestical rods like conventional laryngitis. A few days later, one side of the larynx was almost normal and the opposite bar was still inflamed. Half of the larynx is also mild congestion and the patient is still hoarse.
  • The second phase: The three main types of epidemic are edema, ulcers, warts often interwoven with tuberculosis, many tuberculosis bacteria in phlegm.

    • Edema: thick, red, red mucosa and light gray. If the entire larynx edema, the larynx deformed like sesame muzzle.

    ulcer: on edematous mucosa, ulcers appear. The mucosa around the edema ulcer has a juicy and has many light spots. These tuberculosis follicles will be smooth, ulcer and interwoven with the previous ulcer or form small, soft red tumors like polyps.

    Narts: Cauliflower is often seen on the back edge or along the edge of the large ulcer.

  • The third phase: The process of rushing into the cartilage membrane causes cartilage necrosis.

    • People at risk for Larynx's disease

    Some risk factors:

  • Exposure to the source of infection
  • Do not inject BCG.
  • Poverty, living environment, working not to ensure hygiene, pollution, many toxic substances, dust.

    • Chronic disease: liver disease, severe kidneys, diabetes, blood disease.

    Acute disease: viral infection, flu, measles, mumps.

    Malnutrition, immunodeficiency due to immunosuppressive drugs, cancer, immunodeficiency.

  • Addiction to smoking, alcoholism.

    • Prevention of Larynx's disease

  • Improve body resistance.
  • Isolate source, good treatment for tuberculosis cases.

    • Diagnostic measures for Larynx's disease

    Clinical symptoms: cough, hoarseness, shortness of breath, swallowing pain.

    Laryngeal screening: Detect the morphology of laryngeal damage: warts, ulcers, edema. Thereby, the fluid can be taken in the culture larynx to look for tuberculosis bacteria, laryngeal lesions to test the pathology tissue. If positive, there is a diagnostic value to determine the disease and help distinguish the diagnosis.

    In addition to collecting samples of laryngeal testing for tuberculosis, additional tests need to be conducted in the framework of tuberculosis diagnosis, especially tuberculosis. Tests include: lung X -ray, AFB sputum, Mantoux reaction, Mgit method, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) these tests if positive can be diagnosed with tuberculosis is a sign of laryngeal tuberculosis. >

    Larynx's disease treatments

  • Principle: Treatment of the right regimen, enough time

    • Specific treatment according to the new tuberculosis treatment formula:

  • Two-stage treatment: the attack period (first phase) lasts 2-3 months, the next maintenance period lasts 4-6 months.
  • Controlled treatment under dots: 2rhsz/6he, Shrze/1HRZE/5H3R3E3.

    • Non -specific treatment

  • Patients resting, proper nutrition, avoiding stimulation, avoiding much, no smoking.
  • Patients with laryngeal tuberculosis need in a private room, ensuring clean and ventilated.

    • To avoid spreading laryngeal tuberculosis patients:

  • Avoid coughing up with phlegm and need to gather properly.
  • Should not share personal items with patients.
  • Limit contact with patients, gather in crowded places; If so, both patients and good people wear a mask carefully.

    • See also:

  • How many types of tuberculosis have?
  • Causes and treatment of chronic laryngitis
  • Is acute laryngitis dangerous?
  • Acute laryngitis in children: When is it dangerous?

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