Lower respiratory infections

Lower respiratory infections's disease overview

What is

What is lower respiratory tract infection ? The lower respiratory tract infection is a syndrome that includes all diseases related to the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchial, bronchial and lungs) without tuberculosis. The disease can be life -threatening if not diagnosed and treated properly.

The main diseases when referring to the lower respiratory tract infections:

  • Bronchitis: The stimulating bronchodilatomary mucosa, increasing mucus secretion as a bronchial clog. Bronchitis is divided into two types:

    • Acute bronchitis: is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa when exposed to harmful agents from the external environment, usually lasting for a few weeks. P>

    Chronic bronchitis: A prolonged or recurrent inflammation in the bronchi, which may occur for months or years.

  • Pneumonia: The main organizations in the lungs, especially the alveoli (units that help the lungs to exchange gas), seriously damaged the oxygen can not enter the bloodstream.
  • Bronchitis: Super bacteria that cause inflammation and cause mucus to accumulate in the respiratory tract, making it difficult for patients to breathe. The disease usually only occurs in children under 12 months of age, when the bronchi is not fully developed.

    • Causes of Lower respiratory infections's disease

    The leading cause of the lower respiratory infection is bacterial infection. Especially at the time of seasonal intersection, when the body is most vulnerable due to changes to adapt to the environment.

    What is

    What is lower respiratory infections ? This is a medical term (English name is Lower Respiratory Tract Infection-LRTI) is usually mainly caused by bacteria and viruses.Lower respiratory infections due to bacteria

  • Typical bacteria:
  • Haemophilus Influenzae.
  • Moraxella Catnrhalis.

    • Typical bacteria:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
  • chlamydia pneumoniae. > Parainfluenza virus (Parainfluenza virus). Virus). This bacterium is a common cause of pneumonia and bronchitis. In adults and older, gram -negative and Legionella bacteria are the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections. Especially smokers have a high respiratory inflammatory rate due to the damaged mucosal system, facilitating the attacks of the Klebsiella Pneumoniae virus.

    In addition to bacteria and viruses, lower respiratory infections can be caused by other causes, including: Physical and chemical agents such as cold air, irritants in the form of gas, dust, chemicals , cigarette smoke, car smoke, ... for chronic pneumonia: cigarette smoke is the leading cause.

    Symptoms of Lower respiratory infections's disease

    Symptoms of lower respiratory infections are often expressed through:

  • Symptoms related to trachea: hoarseness, hard to say. >
  • Symptoms related to bronchial: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, hissing. Bleeding.Symptoms of acute bronchitis

    Incubation stage: After exposure to the virus, the patient will have time from one to three days of incubation and have no symptoms during this time.

    The upper respiratory tract inflammation stage: During this period, the patient has symptoms of the upper respiratory infection such as:

  • sneezing.
  • runny nose.
  • sore throat.
    • Mild fever.
  • fatigue, muscle aches, joints.
  • Acute bronchitis stage: Patients will have the following symptoms:

  • Initially a dry cough, then cough accompanied by phlegm (phlegm may be white, yellow, opaque or sometimes with blood).
  • Stalmic pain when coughing.
  • The new phase of the beginning of symptoms is coughing and sputum. Coughing occurs in batches, many times a year, especially when it is cold or the weather changes, can cough dry or cough with white sputum and foam. When the cough lasts for many days, sputum will be more dense, yellow and pus. /Li>
  • In addition, there are some other irrelevant symptoms such as weight loss, pale skin, fast heartbeat.
    • Symptoms of pneumonia

    depending on In pathogens, the symptoms and progression of the disease may change slightly.

    Typical bacterial pneumonia: Patients with symptoms:

  • Run.

    • high fever above 39ºC, accompanied by coughing and pleural pain.

  • Difficulty breathing.
  • fast breathing over 30 times/minute.
  • There may be blisters in the lips.

    • Pneumonia caused by typical bacterial agents or viruses: Most occur in children and the elderly, with more silent symptoms:

  • Mild fever.
  • Headache.
  • dry cough.
    • tired.

    Transmission route of Lower respiratory infections's diseaseLower respiratory infections

    Lower respiratory infections caused by infections can be transmitted through the respiratory tract. Bacteria and viruses can be hidden in saliva droplets and coughing and transmission from person to person.

    People at risk for Lower respiratory infections's disease

    Anyone is at risk of lower respiratory tract infections, but the disease is more common in the following subjects:

  • Children and the elderly.

    • Smokers.

    People with chronic lung diseases such as bronchial asthma.

    Prevention of Lower respiratory infections's disease

    The general principle to prevent lower respiratory infections is to avoid infection with bacteria or viruses. This can be taken through the following measures:

  • Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing.

    • Limit contact with people with pathogens.

  • Maintain personal hygiene, wash your hands clean to avoid pathogens.
  • No smoking, staying away from smoke.
  • Wearing a mask when going out, avoiding exposure to polluted environment.
  • Vaccine vaccine, viral vaccination.
  • Keep the body warm in the cold season, especially parts such as neck, chest.
  • Improve the immune system through physical activities and healthy diet.

    • Diagnostic measures for Lower respiratory infections's disease

    Normally, doctors will rely on the patient's clinical symptoms and combine to listen to the patient's chest to make a diagnosis. Some methods may also be proposed for more accurate diagnosis:

  • Lung X-ray to determine the level of infection.
  • Blood and phlegm test helps identify pathogenic bacteria, thereby using the most appropriate antibiotic.

    • Lower respiratory infections's disease treatments

    For acute bronchitis

    The majority of light progress cases, symptom reduction treatment is the main. Because this lower respiratory tract infection is caused by viruses, antibiotic treatment is unnecessary. Patients can treat at home by:

  • BLAYS
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Garage of warm salted salt water

    • However, some cases of severe disease are needed to medical facilities for examination and advice from doctors.

    For chronic bronchitis
  • can use anti -spasms such as Théostart, Salbutamol, ... These drugs work to clear the airways of patients with gas exchange maids easier.

    • Due to the basic damage in chronic bronchitis that clog the airway, the body is not provided with the necessary amount of oxygen. Oxygen breathing is a treatment used when chronic bronchitis is severe and less responded to medication. for pneumonia

  • Early and appropriate antibiotic treatment for 5-10 days. Antibiotics may be used two or three types by injection or drinking depending on the doctor's instructions. In case of mild or average disease, outpatient can be treated. For severe and many risk factors, the hospital needs to be hospitalized.
  • When signs of respiratory failure such as shortness of breath, purple blue, extra respiratory muscles need to use oxygen support.
  • Use symptomatic medications when necessary to reduce cough, reduce fever, pain.

    • Need to monitor re -examination to detect severe symptoms or intervention when complications appear.

    Disclaimer

    Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

    The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

    Popular Keywords