Lyme

Lyme's disease overview

What is

Lyme disease?

Lyme disease is a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted by fleas infected with deer deer body to humans and animals. This disease is the most frequent reporting of flea in the United States.

Is Lyme disease dangerous?

Lyme disease is often rare, likely to have disease if living or spending time in the grass, many trees where fleas carrying Lyme disease thrives. Strange disease Lyme rare If it is difficult to diagnose, serious consequences, if not treated, can cause complications such as:

  • Chronic arthritis (Lyme arthritis), especially knee joints

    • Neurological symptoms, such as face paralysis and neuropathy

  • Cognitive defects, such as impaired memory
  • irregular heart rate

    • Therefore, it is important to take common preventive measures in areas contaminated with ticks. If infected should be diagnosed early and treated promptly.

    Causes of Lyme's disease

    Lyme disease is caused by four main species of bacteria. Borrelia Burgdorferi and Borrelia mayonii causes Lyme disease in the United States, while Borrelia Afzelii and Borrelia Garinii are the leading causes in Europe and Asia. The disease caused by fleas is the most common in these areas, the lymphoma is transmitted through the bite of the infected flea, often available on the deer

    To get lymphoma, an infected flea must bite you. The bacteria enter the skin through the bite and eventually penetrate the blood. Remove fleas on the skin as soon as possible to prevent disease.

    Symptoms of Lyme's disease

    Different signs of lyme disease . They often appear in stages, but stages can overlap.

    Signs and early symptoms

    A small, red bump, similar to the bump of mosquito bites, often appears in the position of the bite or removes the ticks and resolves for a few days. This happens normally not only Lyme disease.

    However, these signs and symptoms may occur within a month after you are infected:

  • rash. From three to 30 days after being bitten infected, an extended red area may appear sometimes erased in the center, forming a cow eye model. The rash (the Red Red Red Red Redor) expanded slowly over days and could spread to 12 inches (30 cm). It is usually not itchy or painful but may feel warm when touching. The rash is one of the outstanding features of Lyme disease, although not everyone with Lyme has a rash. Some developers have this rash in many places on the body.
  • Other symptoms. Fever, chills, fatigue, body aches, headache, stiff neck and swelling may be accompanied by rash.
    • Signs and symptoms later

    If left untreated, the new signs and symptoms of Lyme infection may appear in a few weeks to a few months. Includes:

  • The rash may appear in other areas of your body.
  • joint pain. Serious joint pain and swelling especially affects your knee, but the pain can be transferred from one joint to another.
  • Neurological problems. A few weeks, months or even years after infection, you may have inflammation surrounding the brain (meningitis), temporary paralysis on one side of the face (paralysis) Machinet is weakened.
    • Signs and symptoms are less common than

    a few weeks after infection, some developers:

  • Heart problems, such as irregular heart rate
  • Eye inflammation
    • hepatitis (hepatitis)
  • Severe fatigue
    • When to see a doctor?

    If you think you have been bitten and have signs and symptoms of Lyme - especially if you live in a common area of ​​Lyme - please contact your doctor. Lyme treatment is more effective if started early.

    Transmission route of Lyme's diseaseLyme

    fleas on deer deer clinging to trees near the ground in places full of bushes, forest trees, or many grass. These fleas are quite small and climb on the animal's body and those who touch those plants. The fleas are very small, called larvae, just as small as the end of the sentence, infected with lymphoma when injected into infected animals. The slightly larger fleas, called pupae, the size of the grain of the tree, is the most likely to inject humans. Adult fleas living on the deer's body can also transmit the disease, but they are not at risk as high as the nymphs because adults are less likely to inject people because they are easier to see and be easily removed. . The fleas on deer deer are small in size so it is easy to cause disease. Fleas often have to adhere to at least 48 hours to be able to transmit bacteria, so the removal of flea immediately after being injected will be reduced by the disease.

    People at risk for Lyme's disease

    Risk factors related to the place of living, occupation, specifically

  • Live or work, play in the forest area or lots of grass. Children spend a lot of time outdoors in these areas especially at risk. Adults with outdoor careers are also at higher risk.
  • to reveal the skin so that fleas can be exposed easily. If you are in a popular area of ​​ticks, protect yourself and your children by wearing long -sleeved dresses and pants. 
  • Do not remove ticks in time or properly. Bacteria from the bite of the tick can penetrate your blood if the ticks cling to your skin for 36 to 48 hours or longer. If you eliminate early within 2 days of the risk of lympha, it will be lower.

    • Prevention of Lyme's disease

    The best way to prevent Lyme disease is to avoid areas with live ticks, especially areas with many trees, dense with long grass. Measures can reduce the risk of Lyme disease including

  • Cover. When in areas with many trees or grass, wear shoes, long pants into socks, long -sleeved shirts, hats and gloves. Try to cling to the trails and avoid walking through low bushes and long grass. 
  • Using insect drugs. Apply anti -insect drugs with 20% or higher DEET concentrations to your skin. Parents should apply anti -insect drugs for children, avoid hands, eyes and mouth. Remember that anti -chemical drugs can be toxic, so follow the instructions carefully. Apply products with permethrin for clothes or buy money for processing.
  • Clean up, cut grass often, arrange furniture neatly in the dry, sunny area to prevent rodents from wearing flea.
  • Check clothes, yourself, children and pets to find ticks. Be especially cautious after spending time in the forest or grass area. The ticks are usually not larger than the pin, so you may not detect them unless you search carefully. It is helpful to bathe as soon as you enter the house. Bugs usually stay on your skin for hours before attaching itself. Bathing and using towels can remove ticks without care.
  • Remove fleas on the skin as soon as possible with tweezers. Gently grab the tick near its head or mouth. Do not squeeze or crush ticks, but carefully and regularly. Once you have removed all the ticks, throw it away by putting it into alcohol or discharging it into the toilet, and applying antiseptic to the bite area.

    • Diagnostic measures for Lyme's disease

    Many signs and symptoms of Lyme disease are often found under other conditions, so diagnosis may be difficult. 

    Diagnosis is based on:

  • Ask a history of living, playing in places with many trees and occupations often outdoors, ...

    • Laboratory tests to determine antibodies to bacteria can help confirm or exclude diagnostic. These tests are most reliable a few weeks after infection, including

  • immune tests associated with enzymes (Elisa). The most frequently used test to detect Lyme disease, Elisa detected antibodies to B. Burgdorferi. But because sometimes it can provide false positive results, it is not used as a single basis for diagnosis. This test may not be positive in the early stages of Lyme disease, but the rash is special enough to diagnose without further testing in people living in an area infected with the transmission of Lyme disease.
  • Two -step method. If the Elisa test is positive, this test is usually done to confirm the diagnosis. In this two -step method, Western Blot detects antibodies to some proteins of B. Burgdorferi.

    • Lyme's disease treatments

    The main treatment is antibiotics. The sooner the treatment, the faster the ability to recover, avoid complications later.

    Using antibiotics is as follows:

  • Oral antibiotics. These are the standard treatment for early Lyme disease. They usually include Doxycycline for adults and children over 8 years old, or amoxicillin or cefuroxime for adults, young children and pregnant or nursing women. A 14 to 21 -day antibiotic is usually recommended, but some studies show that courses that last 10 to 14 days are equivalent.
  • Intravenous antibiotics. If the disease is related to the central nervous system, the doctor may prescribe antibiotic treatment for intravenously for 14 to 28 days. This is effective in eliminating infections, although it can make you take some time to recover after your symptoms. Intravenous antibiotics can cause various side effects, including lower number of white blood cells, mild to severe diarrhea, or infection or infection with other antibiotic -resistant organisms that are not related to Lyme.
  • After antibiotic treatment, a few people still have some symptoms, such as muscle pain and fatigue. The cause of these continued symptoms, called the disease syndrome after Lyme, is still unknown, and treated with many types of antibiotics does not help.

    • Antibiotic treatment is the only treatment that is effective if used early, using the right dose, enough time. There have been some other alternative treatments, but it has not been proven to be safe and effective.

    See also:

  • Is children with dangerous rash? >

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