Mallory Weiss syndrome

Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease overview

Mallory syndrome stands for Mallory Weiss syndrome (tear in the esophagus) is a tear in the mucosa of the esophagus, which often occurs in the intersection between the esophagus. and stomach. Mallory syndrome is a non -communicable disease for others and usually goes away on its own for about 10 days without any special treatment. However, some cases may leave complications such as serious bleeding without holding or without timely treatment of patients who may die.

Mallory Weiss tear is a long tear in the esophagus or stomach. The most common cause is nausea and vomiting after drinking a lot of alcohol. These tears are lines arising with a spasm of vomiting. There are several reasons why the Mallory Weiss tear can occur in vomiting. Normally during vomiting, the gastrointestinal tract walls contract in many different directions. This pushes the food in the gastrointestinal tract - from the small intestine, into the stomach, esophagus and up to the throat and oral cavity. It was a very powerful process and the gastrointestinal tract wall was under a lot of pressure. There can also be a cough, strong sneezing, or after massage of heart outside the chest, epilepsy.

Esophageal's stomach tear causes gastrointestinal hemorrhage that manifests itself in fresh vomiting or black stools due to sudden increase in abdominal pressure. The manifestation of a typical case is vomiting fresh blood or dark brown vomiting after continuous vomiting. Most cases of vomiting blood to mild to medium. Rarely occur severe gastrointestinal bleeding.

Most cases of bleeding stops on its own without any treatment. Relapse also occurs. Only a small number of patients may have significant blood loss, thus requiring blood transfusion, or shock. There is also the risk of local myocardial ischemia, leading to heart attack.

Causes of Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease

The tear occurs with increased abdominal pressure so the cause of this syndrome includes the causes of abdominal pressure increased

Excessive vomiting.

Nausea.

hiccups.

Continuous cough.

scream too much.

CPR (cardiac recovery).

Symptoms of Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease

The most typical symptom of the Mallory-Weiss is vomiting blood and black stools. Some other symptoms may also be encountered:

Abdominal pain.

pain in the sternum.

Disable eating.

faint.

Heart rate increases rapidly.

Lagging blood pressure.

shocked by blood loss.

vomiting of blood is the most common symptom of the Mallory-Wiiss tear. The first vomiting may not have blood, but then, vomiting may mix blood. Initially, vomiting blood may not be due to the Mallory-Wiiss tear, but it may be the cause of the tear. Typically, vomiting blood is bright red because the blood is not mixed with enzymes and stomach acid.

Going out of black feces may also be encountered but less common than vomiting. Typically, blood flows from the tear, down the gastrointestinal tract and the colon. Khi chảy máu và nhiều và nhu động ruột tăng cao, chẳng hạn như trong tiêu chảy, máu có thể xuống đại tràng nhanh chóng hơn nên phân có thể có màu đỏ tươi.

People at risk for Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease

Mallory-weighted tears are at high risk in people with one or more factors:

Gurment for esophageal gap

Drink too much alcohol

Using strong vomiting substances.

Gastritis - intestines

Stomach obstruction

intestinal obstruction

esophagitis

Hepatitis

Biliary tract diseases

Renal failure

Disorders of eating

Bloody disorders, using drugs that affect blood clotting such as aspirin and warfarin.

Heavy pregnancy.

Increased intracranial pressure.

Prevention of Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease

Treatment of patients with risk factors such as hernia, other risk factors

Restricting the use of alcohol, especially people who have had esophageal stomach tears to avoid recurrence

In short, there is no specific preventive measure in many cases because the tear appears without a warning sign.

Diagnostic measures for Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease

Ask for the disease: It is possible to think of this syndrome when the patient appears vomiting bleeding in several continues accompanied by a lot of vomiting after drinking alcohol. However, it should be noted that about 30% of cases of abdominal pressure on triggers are not accompanied by vomiting.

Endoscopy: Endoscopy helps eliminate other gastrointestinal bleeding causes, in addition to helping to assess damage and the degree of bleeding. Often through the thick esophageal endoscopy will detect one or more tears of the mucosa in the gastric and surrounding area.

In pregnant women, this syndrome is also common but is less likely to have severe hemorrhage due to low blood pressure and dehydration. However, if the patient has an increase in portal vein or coagulopathy, it can lead to life -threatening gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting causes mucosa to tear small but will lead to severe bleeding and dizziness. blood loss). In addition, it is often encountered with a gap and a races with these patients.

Mallory Weiss syndrome's disease treatments

If there is no esophageal varicose veins, 90% of cases will stop bleeding, when blood endoscopy has held themselves. If the bleeding itself is ill, it is possible to clamp the clip of the bleeding area through the endoscopy. Interior interventions can also be applied to cases of failure. Very rare cases of surgical treatment.

The drugs used are not specific to the Mallory-weight tear.

Acid secretions such as proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and H2 receptors help reduce acid in the stomach.

Anti -vomiting drugs to prevent nausea and vomiting.

Any drug may increase the risk of bleeding or increase the severity of blood loss such as blood thinning substances may need to be stopped immediately. However, if the patient needs to use those drugs to treat a certain chronic disease, it must be used under the supervision of a doctor.

Diet

Additional foods containing iron for the body to synthesize the lost blood

nutritious food

If gastritis is accompanied by the diet of people with gastritis such as limiting acidity, spicy, hot, ...

Surgery

Surgical surgery is rarely necessary in the case of Mallory-Weiss tearing because of the healing wound for a few days. The method of burning electricity, yag laser and fibrosis can prevent serious and continuous bleeding.

However, if the disease does not heal itself and continues to bleed, it is necessary to use hemostasis therapies to compensate for the loss of blood. Only when endoscopic methods and hemostatic therapy do not bring the desired results, then the sewing can be conducted.

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