Measles

Measles's disease overview

What is

measles ? Measles is an acute infectious disease caused by viruses that can be seen in many special objects. Measles are very contagious and outbreaks into outbreaks, although most children have the disease can recover after a while, but in children with poor resistance like children, the disease can be severely progressive and causing. out complications later

Causes of Measles's disease

Measles causing the virus is identified as a virus of their Morbillivirus, Paramyxoviridae. This is still considered a dangerous disease in young children with the risk of death if not detected early and appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of Measles's disease

After measles infection, the incubation period can be from 7 days to 2 weeks. After that, Symptoms of measles have the following manifestations:

  • The stage of the disease, children often high fever (above 39 ° C) when manifestation of the fever will also appear symptoms of typical rashes of fever
  • The advancement of the measles is very typical: the floating rash starts from the back of the ear (the neck of the neck), then spreads to the face and gradually down to the chest and finally the whole body. The measles rash is a rash (rash on the skin of the skin) after the end will leave a characteristic skin streak called "tiger zebra".

    • In addition to the above manifestations, children with measles often have some accompanying symptoms such as red eyes, runny nose, cough or sometimes diarrhea.

    Measles complications: The most common is otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, diarrhea, corneal fuzzy, laryngitis, severe malnutrition ...

    Transmission route of Measles's diseaseMeasles

    Disease i is very contagious with the characteristics such as:

  • Measles spread from patients to healthy people mainly due to the nasopharyngeal secretion of the measles infected person to escape the air when coughing, sneezing and good people inhales those viruses containing air drops. .

    • measles can be infected before and after a few days of symptoms of the disease.

    People at risk for Measles's disease

    Measles concentrated in some high -risk groups such as:

  • People who have not been vaccinated against measles, especially in young children (emulsions) will be very easy to be infected when exposed to measles source.

    • People who often travel internationally, most to the regions are developing countries where measles occurs commonly. If individuals come to these areas without preventive measures, the likelihood of infection will be very high.

    People with vitamin A deficiency in daily diet if measles are very easy to progress as well as experience dangerous complications of the disease.

    Prevention of Measles's disease

    There are 4 proactive, simple and effective measures to prevent measles:

  • Proactively perform measles vaccination: According to the expanded immunization program, children are recommended for 9 months to recommend free measles vaccine vaccination at medical facilities. Along with that, to ensure a sustainable immunity, it is necessary to repeat the second tip when children are 18 months old.
  • Perform well the isolation of children: Measles spread very quickly, so when detecting children, they need to immediately take children to medical facilities for examination and treatment, copper During isolation from the source of the disease to avoid spreading to the community.

    • Take preventive measures for medical staff and family members: Wearing medical masks when caring for children, this is also a measure to prevent cross -contamination for the infection for the Other children in hospitals with measles.

  • Wash your hands clean, full of regular hand washing steps are instructed before and after taking care of your child's disease with the goal of preventing cross -contamination.

    • Diagnostic measures for Measles's disease

    Diagnosis must be based on both the clinical symptoms of measles and the necessary test:

    Clinical

    clinical: There are typical symptoms such as fever, cough, red eye (eye conjunctivitis) or runny nose.

    Testing:

  • Mac-Elisa test used to detect specific IGM antibodies with measles in serum, most commonly used in measles determination diagnosis.
  • Immune technique of fluorescent to detect viral antigen in the patient of measles patients (nasopharyngeal, blood). This test is rarely used in clinical reality.

    • Measles's disease treatments

    Principle of measles treatment:

  • Isolation of measles patients
  • Support treatment:
  • Hygiene of skin, eyes, throat
  • Nutrition enhancement

    • A reduction of fever

  • Vitamin A supplements
  • Treatment of complications:
  • Antibiotic treatment if there is bacterial superinfection

    • Restricting infusion if there is complications of pneumonia, encephalitis or myocarditis

  • If there is acute meningitis, it is necessary to support and maintain the function of living for patients

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