Meningococcal meningitis

Meningococcal meningitis's disease overview

Membrane meningitis is a sudden acute bacterial infection, caused by the Neisseria Meningitidis meningococcal bacteria, resulting in the inflammation of the brain and the spinal cord. This disease often relapses in the year and can become epidemic in the fall, winter and spring.

Meningococcal meningitis is a very serious infection, which can take away the lives of a healthy person, especially children in a very short period of time after millions. first appearance.

Most patients with meningococcal meningitis are cured, but about 10-15% of patients with this disease have permanent injuries such as brain damage, hearing loss , poor learning, ... and 10 -15 % of patients who die including treatment.

Membrane meningitis circulating brain everywhere, it is often dispersed and can cause fluid.

Causes of Meningococcal meningitis's disease

Memroicinoma is caused by the Neisseria meningidis meningococcal bacteria, it is usually in the mitosis of the polygamic white blood cells in the form of 2 cells next to each other like 2 beans and is bacteria gram (-).

Meningococcal brain bacteria have very weak resistance, so it only can live a few hours when out of the body and will be destroyed by 560C for 30 minutes or 600C for 10 minutes, but the bacteria can still live -200C .

Based on polyozit antigens, dividing the meningococcal brain bacteria into 4 main groups: A, B, C and D in which the meningococcal brain group A and B is most common.

In addition, the brain bacteria are also divided into serum groups, stools into 13 groups including serum W-135, X, Y and Z. Toxic but can cause serious illness and have a very likely epidemic.

Calmy -bacterial disease A disease occupies a very high proportion because it exists for a long time in the semi -desert area of ​​the Sahara desert in Central Africa. , in our country, the main cause of meningococcal disease is due to group a.

In the 90s of the 20th century, in many Latin American countries such as USA, Canada, Cuba, Brazil, Colombia, ... occurred disease meningitis BC < /Strong> Due to the dominant group B and C meningococcal bacteria.

Symptoms of Meningococcal meningitis's disease

Symptoms of meningococcal disease are different in each patient. However, the common symptoms are:

  • Early symptoms: high fever 39 - 40 degrees; nausea and vomiting; irritability; stop eating; headache, dizziness, sore throat, runny nose.

    • Symptoms late: Red rash appears in thin skin areas, fingers and feet; There are star -shaped hemorrhage committees or may have blisters; stiff neck, neck pain; Fear of light, delirium, confusion, convulsions, loss of consciousness, sensory disorders.

    In localities with circulation, about 5 - 10% of people infected with meningococcal brain without clinical symptoms, this is a very important source of transmission in plus copper.

    Meningococcal disease progresses very quickly and dangerous, so when the patient sees the above abnormal symptoms, it is necessary to go to the hospital or medical facility immediately to be diagnosed and treated promptly.

    Transmission route of Meningococcal meningitis's diseaseMeningococcal meningitis

    The main transmission method of this pathology is the respiratory transmission due to inhalation of drops of respiratory diseases containing pathogens from people with meningococcal meningitis.

    People at risk for Meningococcal meningitis's disease

    Everyone has a cold to the brain bacteria, so anyone, every age is at risk of meningococcal meningitis, but age group is at risk of disease. The highest is young, usually children and teenagers and this is also in the age group with the highest number of people carrying bacteria.

    Prevention of Meningococcal meningitis's disease

    To prevent meningococcal meningitis, avoid spreading into fluids in the community, the Department of Preventive Medicine - Ministry of Health recommends that people need to take well the following measures:

  • Perform personal hygiene: Wash your hands regularly with soap before eating and after going to the toilet, rinse your mouth, throat with conventional nasopharyngeal disinfectant solutions. <
  • Keep good hygiene of accommodation, kindergartens, classrooms, workplaces to be clean, ventilated and enough light.
  • Active meningitis vaccination to prevent children's disease, because these vaccines are not included in the national expansion vaccination program, so the work This pathological vaccination is performed at service vaccinations.

    • There are 2 types of meningitis vaccines:

    AC meningitis vaccine helps prevent meningococcal meningitis caused by brain bacteria A and tube C. AC vaccination schedule AC:

  • Children 2 years of age and older can vaccinate AC meningitis
  • Cases of children over 6 months of age who have been in contact with patients can also conduct injections
  • Runner -ups after every 3-5 years

    • BC meningitis vaccine helps prevent meningococcal disease caused by brain bacteria in tube B and tube C. The vaccine is called VA-MOC-BC. Vaccination schedule BC:

  • Children from 6 months of age - Adults under 45 years old
  • Each child needs to be injected with 2 nasals, 2 nose 1 is about 6 - 8 weeks.

    • Also pay special attention:

  • When there is a high fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, hard neck, should go to the hospital or medical facility immediately for timely examination and treatment.
  • Propaganda and education for people by providing necessary information about meningococcal meningitis for the people, especially the place where there is circulation, for the disease, to People know how to detect disease early, isolate and collaborate with the health sector to prevent epidemics in the community.

    • Planning to proactively prevent meningococcal brain disease. Strengthen supervision at routes, especially at old outbreaks, where high risk.

  • Prevent patients' visits, limit meetings, gather crowded people, limit travel in the middle of a place where there is another place, need to set out and output stations in and out of the region. Translate and give birth to preventive chemistry.
  • Management of healthy people carrying pathogens and contacters by strict monitoring of temperature and other symptoms of the disease to the contacters and family members of the disease multiply to detect and treat the disease early.

    • Use Beta Lactam, Phenicol, Sulfamid antibiotics to prevent contact people, patients, people in and out of the epidemic area, people living in collectives and schools. .. There is a risk of transmission and even good people carry bacteria to prevent disease in the epidemic area.  

  • Environmental treatment by disinfecting the disinfection of the patient's nose and throat excretion, so the nose and throat of sulfamite or penicillin solution for patients and people in contact in the area Translation.

    • Diagnostic measures for Meningococcal meningitis's disease

    The diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis is the most commonly used in clinically is the patient's sample test.

    The common sample is:

  • Surbs for mucus in the throat.
  • Blood or blisters or blisters.

    • Get the cerebrospinal fluid.

    Testing method;

  • Gram microscopic gram dyeing to look for coffee bacteria, gram (-), usually in the cytoplasm of polygon leukemia.   

    • Isolation of meningococcal brain bacteria.

    Meningococcal meningitis's disease treatments

    Antibiotics such as sulfamit, penicillin or other antibiotics are drugs used to treat and prevent meningococcal meningitis. However, before using these drugs, it is necessary to make sure that they are still sensitive to meningococcal brain bacteria.

    Preventive treatment with drugs with doctor's indications

    Specific treatment:

  • Infants up to 3 months of age using Ampicillin 200 mg/kg and Cephalosporin III 100 mg/kg, intravenously from 2 to 3 times in 24 hours.
  • Children under 10 years of age using ampicillin 200 mg/kg and chloramphenicol 25 mg/kg or ampicillin and cephalosporin dose as above intravenously 4 times in 24 hours.
  • For adults using penicillin g 2 million units, intravenously 2 hours/time or ampicillin 2 grams, or Cephalosporin III 2 grams, intravenous injection 4 times in 24 hour. The average treatment time is 10 days.        

    • See also:

  • Calendar of meningitis vaccine due to cerebral cerebral tissue BC
  • Supply of vaccine to prevent meningitis B, C
  • Distinguish encephalitis and meningitis in children
  • Meningitis in adults: Causes, symptoms and treatment

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