Mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis's disease overview

Mitral valve stenosis is a common disease in Vietnam. The disease in early stages shows no significant signs but has many potential risks later. If not treated promptly, mitral stenosis can lead to complications of lungs and cardiovascular such as acute pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation, heart failure ... mitral stenosis is a common disease in Vietnam. The disease in early stages shows no significant signs but has many potential risks later. If not treated promptly, mitral stenosis can lead to complications of lung and cardiovascular such as acute pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation, heart failure ...

What is mitral stenosis? The level of mitral valve stenosis of the heart of the heart

The heart is the center of the circulatory system, divided into four chambers, including two chambers above (called the atrial chamber). Receiving blood, and two chambers at the bottom (called the ventricular chamber) where the blood is pumped.

The heart valve system includes mitral valve, three -leaf valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. They play an important role in controlling blood flow to ensure it always flows in one direction in the heart.

The mitral valve is open when the blood flow from the left atrial chamber into the left ventricle, then close to prevent the blood flow back to the left atrial chamber. When the valve is damaged, the opening and closing function can be completely affected.

The mitral stenosis

is in normal condition, when the heart is active, the left ventricle opens, and the mitral valve is open to allow the blood to move from the left atrium to the left ventricle. However, in the case of mitral stenosis, the valve is not open enough, resulting in a reduction in the amount of blood expected to pour into the ventricle chamber, and the blood is stagnated with the left atrial chamber. This can cause dyspnea in practice, especially when blood accumulates in the lungs, leading to lung hypertension and right heart failure. Therefore, mitral stenosis can cause symptoms of shortness of breath, similar to left heart failure, but actually it is right heart failure.

The levels of mitral valve stenosis

to assess the severity of the mitral stenosis, we use the criteria based on the ultrasound parameters, including the average pressure difference via mitral valve, area, Valve and pulmonary pressure. Specific narrow levels are usually divided into three types: light, medium and heavy.

What is the difference between open and narrow valve?

Mitral valve stenosis refers to the condition when the valve hole shrinks, affecting the ability to open and close the heart valve and interfere with blood circulation to the left ventricle chamber. In contrast, mitral valve is a condition when the mitral valve is not closed, leading to the backward of blood after the valve has closed. The mitral valve is also known for its terms such as mitral valve abnormalities or mitral valves. Both mitral stenosis can cause cardiovascular problems if not treated promptly.

In general, mitral valve stenosis is two contradictory diseases. Both of these conditions can be treated through different methods, depending on the severity of the disease. However, most importantly, the implementation of treatment interventions in time to avoid unwanted serious complications.

Causes of Mitral stenosis's disease

Causes of mitral stenosis

mitral valve stenosis in adults often stem from the cause such as rheumatoid fever or endocarditis associated with blood -soluble streptococcal streptococcus (called post -secondary valve stenosis short). This condition leads to the thickness of the heart valve and potentially the hazard of the valve stenosis after a period of 5 to 10 years after the disease.

Besides, there are some other causes of adult disease, including:

Calcification of the heart valve: Calcium residues accumulate around the heart valve, which loses the elasticity and flexibility of the valve, thereby limiting the valve's expansion ability.

Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus ...

Endocrine and metabolic syndrome such as carcinoid tumors.

Although the number of cases of mitral stenosis due to streptococcal fever has decreased significantly in recent years, however, in developing countries, this disease Still existing and causing significant impact.

Elderly, smokers, and people with diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or lipid disorders are also facing the risk of high disease, in addition to people with low fever history. joints or autoimmune diseases.

In children, mitral stenosis is usually caused by congenital abnormalities such as the difference shape of the mitral valve, the tie on the valve, or the result of congenital heart disease developed after birth.

The risk factor for increased risk

Although the number of mitral valve stenosis due to streptococcal fever has decreased significantly in recent years, however, in developing countries, this pathology is still existing. In and causing significant impact.

Symptoms of Mitral stenosis's disease

Mitricous valve stenosis usually does not appear many symptoms, and progresses slowly for many years. Often the patient only detects the disease during an ultrasound test. However, when the disease progresses worse, the patient needs a cardiovascular examination if one of the following symptoms appears:

Difficulty breathing: This includes shortness of breath during exercise or exercise, and symptoms may increase when lying, especially when night shortness of breath appear.

Acute heart and pulmonary anger: This may appear after exercise or high intensity activity, causing the patient to experience severe breathing difficulty, hissing in the lungs It can be heard, some cases can cough pink foam. In this situation, emergency treatment should be performed immediately.

Hematuria: This comes from increased pressure in the left atrial chamber, relaxing small varicose veins in the bronchi. hoarse: This is due to the enlarged left atrium and affects the larynx, obstructing the voice.

Difficult to swallow: The enlargement of the left atrium can override the esophagus, making it difficult to swallow food or drinking water.

Clogged events: Including a stroke, obstruction in other parts of the body, often occurs due to the left atrium, leading to the risk of in the formation of thrombosis in heart chamber. If there are symptoms of atrial fibrillation, the risk of clogging is higher.

Cardiac examination can detect diastolic vibration in the tip and the t1.

Rhearse arrhythmia: Due to the left atrial, can lead to complete arrhythmia.

Expression of the right heart failure: Signs include the enlargement of the liver, leg swelling, and neck veins.

Is the mitral stenosis dangerous?

Mitral valve stenosis always carries potential risks, because the patient may face acute complications, even during the treatment process, even the time when the disease has not been detected. If not treated promptly, the disease can cause dangerous complications, including:

Pulmonary pressure increases: When mitral valve stenosis, blood pressure increases in the pulmonary arteries, leading to blood transport from the heart to the lungs too high. This can cause blood reflux into the lungs, leading to acute pulmonary edema.

heart failure: The increase in the pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs due to mitral stenosis leads to fluid retention, right heart tightening, and leading to right heart failure. As the amount of fluid and blood returning to the lungs increases, it can cause pulmonary edema, making it difficult for patients to breathe and can lead to blood coughing.

Heart enlargement: The pressure in the heart due to mitral stenosis leads to enlargement of the atria.

Atrial fibrillation: The enlargement of the left atrial atrial when the mitral stenosis can cause abnormalities in the heart rate, causing the atrial atrial to contract quickly and unevenly.

Among the acute complications of mitral stenosis, acute pulmonary edema is the most dangerous complication. Often occurs when patients are exertion, pregnancy, infections, or a lot of fluid injection. Symptoms usually include serious shortness of breath, struggle, irritation, and may appear pink foam symptoms. It is necessary to be treated immediately, because otherwise, it is possible to threaten the patient's life.

Blood clots: When the blood stands still in the long heart and the atrial fibrillation is not treated promptly, can lead to the formation of blood clots in the atrial atrial. This blood clot can cause the risk of explosion and stored in the circulatory system, and if it blocks blood vessels in the brain, can lead to patients through cerebral infarction and stroke. When will the mitral valve narrow need a doctor?

When symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue when working hard, feeling nervous, or chest pain, patients need to go to a doctor or hospitalized immediately to be hospitalized. Checked and treated, it is very likely that it is a symptom of mitral stenosis.

If the patient has been diagnosed with the disease but there is no symptoms, they should discuss with the doctor about the plan to monitor and treat in the future. Always important to discuss with your doctor about how to conduct diagnostic, treatment, and best treatment methods for your health status.

Prevention of Mitral stenosis's disease

Prevention of mitral stenosis is best to focus on preventing rheumatoid fever, one of the common causes of this disease. When you have a sore throat, it is important to visit your doctor to find out the cause and get effective treatment. Sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria, if not treated promptly, can cause rheumatism. Fortunately, this pharyngitis can be successfully treated by using antibiotics properly.

In addition, there are a number of other recommended methods of prevention such as:

Building a healthy living environment: This disease often develops in people living in a humid and low -hygiene environment, thus maintaining a clean and dry living environment with a dry and dry environment. The role is important.

Periodic health examination: This is especially important for people with a history of cardiovascular disease. Compliance with a cardiologist's instructions for drinking or injecting antibiotics continuously can help prevent the disease.

Health care and healthy lifestyle: Following a balanced and resting diet can also help strengthen the body's resistance.

Use diuretics and beta blockers, as prescribed by a doctor: For those with mild symptoms, they can use these drugs as directed by the doctor. To reduce symptoms and risk of disease.

Identify the symptoms, causes and dangers of mitral valve stenosis play an important role in prevention, early detection and improvement of the disease, helping Improve the quality of patient's life.

Diagnostic measures for Mitral stenosis's disease

There are several important diagnostic methods used to evaluate mitral stenosis:

Heart Doppler ultrasound: This is an important tool to identify and diagnose the status of mitral stenosis. On the heart doppler ultrasound image, we can evaluate the area of the valve hole, the pressure difference through the valve, the calcification level of the valve, and determine the attached valve openness. Through this information, the decision on treatment should be given.

Economic ultrasound through the esophagus: This method is used to seek the presence of thrombosis in the left atrium. If there is a detection of thrombosis, the decision of the van should not be done.

ECG: This method is used to detect abnormalities of heart rate and left atrial dilatation.

chest X-ray: chest X-ray allows shaping pulmonary artery images and arcs of the left heart, including aortic artery, pulmonary artery, atrial supply Fruit and left ventricular palace. Through this image, we can assess the status and manifestation of these palaces. Can mitral stenosis be cured?

Currently, the disease can be treated through a variety of methods, including drug use, surgical interventions for valve, repair or replacement of heart valves, and lifestyle changes. However, it is easy to see that there is no method that can make the heart valve completely narrowed completely permanently.

Even when the replacement of the heart valve, the risk of mitral stenosis is still existed. Therefore, in addition to treatments, patients also need to consider supportive solutions to improve cardiovascular health and better heart valve protection.

Mitral stenosis's disease treatments

To treat mitral stenosis, there are some available medical methods:

10.1 Medical treatment

This method uses drugs for treatment, including diuretics, anticoagulant drugs, heart frequency regulators, anti -arrhythmic drugs, and antibiotics to prevent low fever .

Avoid exertion during treatment

Should consult your doctor about the use of sympathetic beta blockers if the heart frequency is fast to reduce heart rate.

If there is atrial fibrillation, prehistoric clogged, left atrial atrial more than 55 mm or have thrombosis in the left atrium, vitamin K anticoagulant drugs can be proposed. Inr should be maintained in the range of 2.0-3.0. 10.2 Interventions with skin glossy skin

This is a method of intervention used if the patient is indicated. This method requires the introduction of the pipe through the thigh vein into the right atrium, then pierced through the atrial wall to the left atrium and proceeded to separate the two edges of the valve by pumping the ball. Normally, the valve intervention is done when the narrowing of the two leaves is tight (the area of the valve hole is less than 1.5 cm2) and has the corresponding clinical symptoms, the appropriate valve form, no thrombosis in the left atrium, no mitral valve open or stenosis of aortic valve is moderate and does not affect the left ventricular function.

10.3 Surgery

replacing mechanical or biological valves is a method used when it is impossible to intervene in the valve or when there is contraindication to intervention. Mechanical valves are often more durable than biological valves, but after replacing mechanical valves, patients must maintain the use of anticoagulant drugs against vitamin K for a lifetime.

10.4 Improving lifestyle

besides medical treatment, improving lifestyle also plays an important role in the process of heart health care.

This includes building a healthy and scientific living regime, limiting the consumption of salt, maintaining weight, weight loss if necessary, restricting caffeine, reducing exertion, and obeying Prime Ministers and examination periodically by the doctor.

In addition, women of reproductive age should be discussed with a doctor before pregnancy, because pregnancy may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems that have existed.

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