Mitral valve

Mitral valve's disease overview

Heart is like a pump that takes blood to feed the body. The structure of the heart consists of two atrial and two ventricle. The atrial must be separated from the right ventricle by the three -leaf valve, the left atrium separated from the left ventricle by the mitral valve. In a heart movement, blood from the atrium down to ventricular through the mitral valve and the three -leaf valve. The blood will then be cured by the heart to the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The heart valve disease will change the blood process, gradually will cause heart failure. In which mitral valve is the most common valve disease. Diseases 2 -leaf valve consists of two groups: disease mitral valve gap and disease 2 -leaf valve stenosis , can be combined with both narrow and open valves Two leaves.

Normally in the diastolic, left ventricular relaxation, the mitral valve will open to blood from the atrium to the ventricle. In mitral stenosis, the valve does not open all reducing the amount of blood into the ventricle and stasis in the left atrium from which blood stasis of the lungs causes clinical shortness of breath. Blood stasis in the lungs increases pulmonary pressure, causing right heart failure. Therefore, mitral stenosis causes shortness of breath like left heart failure but actually right heart failure. In mitral valve openings, the valve is not closed in the heart, causing the bloodstream to return to the left atrium, causing reduced heart and blood stasis in the lungs. Over time left ventricular will stretch, symptoms of heart failure will appear.

Two -leaf stenosis has been mentioned in a separate article. This article will present the mitral valve.

Causes of Mitral valve's disease

Cause of mitral valve disease is divided into two and chronic groups:

  • Two -leaf openings:
  • Infection of endocarditis causes valve ligaments, puncture leaves
  • Acute myocardial infarction causes muscle rupture
  • Trauma
  • Chronic openings:
  • Primary: There is damage to the components of the heart valve such as low post -heart valve, endocarditis, mucus, calcification valve ring ..
    • Secondary: The mitral valve has a normal structure, open valve occurs when there is a severe left ventricular dysfunction that moves rhythmic muscle, relaxes the valve ring, is encountered in diseases: Cardiac disease, ischemia, heart failure due to hypertension ...

    Symptoms of Mitral valve's disease

    Symptoms of mitral valve openings:

    Mitricous valve openings: Symptoms are severe, the main manifestation is acute pulmonary edema or cardiac shock. Patients often have difficulty breathing, difficulty breathing even when resting, spit out pink foam, blood pressure drop, cold limbs. It is necessary to have surgery early, medical treatment is only temporary while waiting for surgery

    Chronic mitral valve openings: There are usually no symptoms for many years. Patients often go to the doctor when there are signs of heart failure:

  • Difficulty breathing in exertion, having a night shortness of breath
  • Fatigue due to reduced cardiac supply

    • liver

  • legs
  • Listen to the heart to see the blow in the mitral valve

    • Heart can be completely arrhyce due to atrial fibrillation

    People at risk for Mitral valve's disease

    There are risk factors for coronary disease:

  • Men

    • Old age

  • Smoking
  • Unsontrollable hypertension

    • Diabetes

    Blood lipid disorders

    obesity

    Lien blood and staphylococcal infections

    Surgery due to streptococcus

    Prevention of Mitral valve's disease

  • Quit smoking
  • Healthy diet: lots of green vegetables, fruits, reducing animal fat instead of vegetable oil

    • Exercise regularly: at least 30 minutes a day and 5 days a week

  • Take drugs to control blood pressure, blood sugar, lipids if indicated

    • Weight loss if overweight

  • Thoroughly treating sore throat due to streptococcal sore throat
  • No indiscriminate infusion or at the establishment does not guarantee quality

    • Diagnostic measures for Mitral valve's disease

  • Heart doppler ultrasound: is a compulsory exploration that needs to be performed for a definite diagnosis. On the cardiac ultrasound will assess the cause of the valve openly or secondary, the level of openness, pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular function, thereby deciding on medical treatment or surgery

    • chest X-ray: usually only see indirect signs such as left ventricular and left atrial, or images of interstitial edema, butterfly wings in acute pulmonary edema

  • Electrophellia: Less has a double -leaf diagnostic value, can see wide P wave images, two -phase, atrial pitches ..

    • Mitral valve's disease treatments

    Valid valve treatment includes the following forms:

    Two -grade openings: Medical treatment is only a bridge for surgery for replacement surgery

    NGUYEN PHAT NGUYEN LEAUTY

  • Asymptomic mild mintic valve patients, no left ventricular dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension may only need periodic monitoring and medical treatment. Patients with severe mitral valve openings without symptoms need to be examined and ultrasound every 6-12 months to re-evaluate
  • Medical treatment also has no specific medicine to prevent the progression of two -leaf openings, the drugs are often used for the purpose of improving the left ventricular function, reducing restructuring. Myocardial (when there are signs of heart failure): Inhibition of enzyme/receptor inhibition of RAS system, sympathetic beta blockers, aldosterone resistance ...
  • Surgical treatment: There are many signs to determine the time to replace the valve replacement surgery, based on symptoms as well as heart function parameters. Normally, when the patient has symptoms, the heart function is still good (EF> 30%), the surgery is indicated, if the heart function is reduced, then consider surgery if the risk factors for low surgery, ratio The success of high surgery. Or if the patient has no symptoms, surgery should be indicated when there is a left ventricular dysfunction on an ultrasound (DS> 45mm, EF <60%) or increased pulmonary artery pressure or atrial fibrillation. .

    • Secondary chronic chronic openings

    The reason is due to left ventricular dysfunction, so the main treatment is treatment of heart failure. The drugs used to treat heart failure: inhibition of receptor transfer/inhibitors, sympathetic beta blockers, aldosterone resistance ... Combining the treatment of heart failure such as ischemical heart disease (coronary artery , anti -platelet aggregation, statin therapy), cardiomatic transplanting (CRT) when indicated.

    See also:

  • mitral valve disease
  • Is the mitral heart valve disease dangerous?
  • Learn the technique of replacing heart valve in people with mitral valve disease
  • How many types of valve disease are?

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