Moyamonya

Moyamonya's disease overview

What is

What is Moyamoya's disease?

Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive blood vessel disorder, in which the carotid artery in the skull is clogged or narrowed, reducing blood flow to the brain. Can lead to consequences such as artery rupture and hemorrhage in the skull. Small blood vessels then open at the bottom of the brain in an effort to supply blood to the brain. These small blood vessels cannot provide the blood and oxygen necessary for the brain, leading to temporary or permanent brain injury.

Moyamoya disease tends to affect children or adults aged 30 to 40 years old. In children often manifests itself in stroke or convulsions due to flooded complications. In adults, they often manifest through bleeding or stroke specific clinical manifestations such as ischemia (due to stroke), recurrence of short ischemia (recurrent rays), paralysis Dynamic, convulsions and/or migraine.

This condition can cause a small pain (transient anemia, or ray), stroke, aneurysm or bubble in blood vessels (aneurysm) or bleeding in the brain. It can also affect your brain function and cause cognitive and development delays.

Moyamoya disease most often affects children, but adults may have this disease. Moyamoya's disease is found around the world, but it is more common in East Asian countries, especially Korea, Japan and China and in East Asian people.

Moyamoya disease has complications related to the effects of stroke such as visual disorders, weak weakness, language disorders, epilepsy, memory impairment, slow thinking, thinking, Special mental mental retardation for children.

Causes of Moyamonya's disease

The exact cause of Moyamoya's disease is not known. Moyamoya's disease is more common in Japan, Korea and China, but it also occurs in other parts of the world.The researchers believe that Moyamoya's concentration is higher than in these Asian countries, which shows that this disease may have genetic cause.

Moyamoya is also related to a number of diseases, such as Down syndrome, sickle cell anemia, nerve fibroids and hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms of Moyamonya's disease

Although the cause of Moyamoya disease is not well known, some factors may increase the risk of this disease, including:

  • Is Asian people . Moyamoya's disease is found around the world, but it is more common in East Asian countries, especially Korea, Japan and China. This may be due to certain genetic factors in those populations. The higher incidence of Moyamoya has been recorded in Asians living in Western countries.
  • There is a family history of Moyamoya. The time compared to the general population - a strong factor that suggests a genetic component of the disease and can justify the screening of family members.
  • There is a certain medical condition . Moyamoya's disease sometimes occurs related to another disorder, including type 1 neuropathy, sickle cell anemia and Down syndrome, among others.
  • Gender is female . Women have a slightly higher incidence of moyamoya.
  • rejuvenation . Although adults may have Moyamoya's disease, children under 15 are most often affected.

    • Transmission route of Moyamonya's diseaseMoyamonya

    Moyamoya disease can occur at any age, although symptoms occur especially from 5 to 10 years old in children and from 30 to 50 years old in adults.

    The first symptom of moyamoya disease is often a stroke or recurrence of transient ischemic, especially in children. Adults may also experience these symptoms but often bleed in the brain (hemorrhage stroke) from abnormal brain vessels.

    Signs and symptoms of moyamoya disease associated with blood flow to the brain include:

  • Conscious disorders: Drinking, provoking, asking for slow response, coma, ...
  • Headache

    • Epilepsy is a local convulsions or body convulsions

  • Weakness, numbness or paralysis on your face, arm or leg, usually on one side of your body
  • visual disorders: blurred vision, double view, ...
  • Difficult to speak or understand others (language loss)
  • Development retarded
  • Voluntary movement
  • Cognitive decline

    • These symptoms can be activated by exercising, crying, coughing, stress or fever.When you need to see a doctor

    you need to go to emergency immediately if you notice any signs or symptoms of a stroke or a small stroke, even if they seem to change or disappear or disappear. . The manifestations of stroke may include:

  • Distorted one side

    • Weakness or paralysis of manifestation can not raise one hand or legs up

  • Hard to say: Lisp or difficult to pronounce

    • When the symptoms appear, you need to go to emergency immediately, do not wait to see the symptoms disappear because every minute is very important. The longer the stroke time is not treated, the greater the risk of brain damage and disability.

    Prevention of Moyamonya's disease

    No specific preventive measures.

    Diagnostic measures for Moyamonya's disease

    To diagnose Moyamoya's disease, the doctor needs to rely on

  • History of myself

    • Mechanical symptoms

    Clinical examination helps to detect signs of nerve damage through the scale of consciousness evaluation, motor examination, sensory, ...

  • Diagnosis is mainly based on the diagnostic imaging means to help diagnose Moyamoya disease and any potential condition

    • Tests may include:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of your brain. The doctor may inject the dye into the blood vessel to see your artery and veins and highlight the blood circulation (magnetic resonance angiography). If available, the doctor may suggest a type of image that can measure the amount of blood passing through the vessels (MRI perfusion). Help diagnose the disease as well as diagnose brain damage such as brain shrugging or cerebral hemorrhage, evaluating damage, prognosis. Is a very valuable test.
  • Computerized tomography (CT) . CT scan uses a series of X -rays to create detailed images of your brain. The doctor may inject the dye into the blood vessel to highlight the blood flow in your artery and veins (CT Angiogram).

    • Cerebral angiography . When the angiography of the brain artery, the doctor will insert a long and thin tube (catheter) into the blood vessel in your groin and guide it to your brain with X -ray images. The doctor will then inject the dye through the catheter into the blood vessels in your brain to see them in the image of X -ray.

  • Doppler ultrasound piercing skull . In Doppler ultrasound, the sound wave is used to obtain the image of your brain. Doctors can use this test to get information about blood vessels in the brain.
  • Positron (PET) radiation cutting layer or a single -layer of single -layer computers. In these tests, the doctor will give you a small amount of safe radioactive substance and place a brain emission detector. PET provides visual images of brain activity. SPECT measures blood flow to different areas in your brain.
  • EEG (EEG) . Brain ECG monitors electrical activity in your brain through a variety of electrodes attached to your scalp. Children with moyamoya disease often have abnormalities on the brain.

    • If necessary, your doctor may request other tests to exclude other conditions.

    Moyamonya's disease treatments

    Treatment is based on condition, early or late hospitalization, the level of damage, age to determine the most appropriate treatment

    Objectives of treatment

  • Reduce symptoms
  • Improve blood flow
  • Reduce the risk of serious complications such as stroke due to ischemia due to lack of blood flow, bleeding in the brain (intracranial hemorrhage) or death.

    • Specific treatment may include medical treatment and surgical treatment

    Medical treatment: Drugs can be prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke or support for epilepsy, including:

  • anticoagulant drugs . After you are diagnosed with moyamoya disease, if you are mild or asymptomatic, the doctor prescribes anticoagulants such as aspirin or other blood thinning agents to prevent stroke.
  • Calcium blocking pills . Also known as calcium antagonists, this drug can improve headache symptoms and can reduce symptoms associated with transient brain anemia.

    • anti -epileptic drugs . Use in cases where there is a seizure attached Surgical treatment: Vascular vascular surgery

    If the symptoms become worse or if the tests show evidence of low blood flow, the doctor may Proposal for vascular vascular surgery. During vascular surgery, surgeons skip the blocked arteries to help restore blood flow to your brain. Vascular vascular surgery may include procedures for direct or indirect vascular vascular, or combined both.

  • Procedures for direct circulation . In direct vascular surgery, the surgeon (stitches) of the scalp directly into the cerebral artery (the temporal artery surface to the northern cerebral artery surgery) to increase blood flow To your brain immediately. Direct bridge surgery may be difficult to perform in children, because the size of the blood vessels is attached. Direct vascular surgery is at risk of complications, including stroke.
  • Procedures for indirect circuit refinery . In indirect pulse, the goal is to increase blood flow to your brain gradually over time. Types of indirect refinancing procedures include EDAS or EMS or combination of both.
    • Other surgery

    Some people with moyamoya disease develop aneurysm or blood vessel aneurysms called brain aneurysms. If this happens, surgery may be necessary to prevent or treat brain aneurysms.

    Rehabilitation to solve the problems of defects as well as the psychology of a stroke for a doctor who may recommend other treatments. Physiotherapy can help try to regain any movement function due to stroke. Therapy can also be recommended if necessary.

    Psychotherapy also plays an important role in helping patients to re -enter the community soon, solve emotional issues related to Moyamoya's disease, such as how to deal with fear. and uncertainty in future stroke.

    See also:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has any effect? /Li>
  • cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage: 2 types of dangerous brain vascular accident

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