Nasomicular cancer

Nasomicular cancer's disease overview

nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a cancer that occurs in the nasopharyngeal arch, it is located behind the nose and on the back of the throat. The palate is the upper part of the throat, a tubular spread from behind the nose to the top of the trachea and the esophagus in the neck.

Nasomy cancer occurs in Southeast Asia and North Africa. In European and American countries, the disease accounts for a low proportion. The disease is also common in Vietnam, and is most common in head cancer. The disease is also a cause of death in many people. Every year, K Hanoi Hospital has treated about 500 new patients and ranked fifth in 10 common cancers.

Nasomic cancer is difficult to detect early. This may be because the nose and throat is not easy to check and the symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer are like many other common pathological conditions.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma can cause signs and symptoms similar to many diseases. Because the location is not clear, the cancer of the throat is usually only diagnosed when the disease has spread. Unfortunately, the cancer of the throat is often diagnosed late, it also becomes difficult to treat.

Causes of Nasomicular cancer's disease

Cancer begins when one or more gene mutations make normal cells grow in addition to control, penetrate the surrounding structure and eventually spread to other parts of Body. In nasopharyngeal cancer, this process begins in the surface -shaped cells of the palate.

Causes of nasopharyngeal cancer exactly causing genetic mutations that lead to unknown nasopharyngeal cancer, although factors such as Epstein-Barr virus do Increased risk of this cancer has been determined. However, it has not been explained why some people have all risk factors that never have cancer, while others have no risk factors.

In many cases, it is unclear what causes gene mutations that lead to throat carcinoma, although risk factors that increase the risk of this cancer have been determined. However, it is not clear why some people have all risk factors that never get cancer while others have no clear risk factors.

Symptoms of Nasomicular cancer's disease

Nasomic carcinoma is often detected late due to the disease progressing silently, the symptoms of the disease are not specific, easy to confuse with other diseases, moreover. In deep, the area is not accessible to visit for non -specialists. The symptoms of the disease are mostly "borrowed" symptoms of neighboring agencies and often manifest on one side:

manifest in the nose: stuffy nose, pus, nose bleeding, nose voice. Ear pain, tinnitus, dizziness, poor hearing, can discharge pus. Currently squinting, protruding eyes, eyelash collapse, vision loss ... > There are also other common body manifestations such as a lot of headache, thin weight in a short time, long -lasting fever of unknown cause ... also need to be noted.

People at risk for Nasomicular cancer's disease

Sex: Nasopharyngeal cancer is more common in men in women.

Race: This type of cancer is common in Chinese, Southeast Asia and North Africa. In the United States, Asian immigrants are at higher risk of cancer than Asians born in the US. Age, but the disease is usually diagnosed in people aged 30 and 50. And vegetables, can penetrate the nasal cavity, increases the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Exposure to these chemicals from an early age can increase the risk of disease more. People with colds. Sometimes, the disease can cause infection. The Epstein-Barr virus is also associated with some rare cancers, including throat carcinoma. Increases the risk of the disease.

Prevention of Nasomicular cancer's disease

Currently, scientists are working hard to develop the Epstein-Barr virus vaccine, one of the leading risk factors for dome cancer. While waiting for specific preventive measures as above, we can apply other measures to improve health in general, limit other risk factors of arch cancer such as:

regularly exercise and exercise, have a reasonable working regime to improve health. Limit fermented foods such as pickles, salted tomatoes ... Ear nose and throat such as prolonged headache, nasal blood, tinnitus, large neck lymph nodes ... should go to an ear, nose and throat specialist for surround endoscopy, eliminate disease.

Diagnostic measures for Nasomicular cancer's disease

Health examination and history: General examination to check the general health signs including checking signs of swollen lymph nodes in the neck or any abnormal signs. Learn about the history of health habits, past and treatments.

Neurological examination: A series of questions and tests for brain, spinal cord and nerve function. Check the mental state assessment, coordination ability, normal travel ability, and check the function of muscles, senses and reflexes. Samples of cells or tissues and samples under a microscope by a pathologist to check the signs of cancer. The tissue samples are taken from the following tricks:

nose: is the observation procedure inside the nose to find abnormal areas. The nose is threaded through a thin tubular tool with a lamp and a lens to observe. It may be accompanied by a tool to sample tissue. These tissues are tested under a microscope to find signs of cancer. (The first part of the small intestine, near the stomach). Endoscopy is taken through the mouth, into the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Endoscopy is a thin, tubular tool with a lamp and a lens. It can also be attached to a tissue sample. Tissue samples are tested under a microscope to find signs of cancer. To create a series of detailed images of the area inside the body. This procedure is also known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). Differences. The images are displayed on a computer connected to the X-ray camera. A dye can be injected into a vein or drink to help organs or tissue more clearly. This procedure is also known as a computer -layer or axial cutting layer. Malignant tumor in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET scanner revolves around the body and creates a whole picture of the way the glucose is used in the body. Malignant cells display brighter in the shape, as they are more active and use more glucose than normal cells. PET scan can be used to detect nasopharyngeal cancer that has spread to the bone. Sometimes, PET and CT scan is done at the same time. This combination increases the ability to detect cancer, if any. The mandarins and tissues in the body. An abnormal concentration (higher or lower than normal) of a substance can be a sign of disease. To check: count the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood. Hemoglobin content (oxygen transport proteins) in red blood cells. Ratio of red blood cells in the blood. blood. These antibodies are found in the blood of an EBV infected patient. Each ear is checked separately.

Nasomicular cancer's disease treatments

Treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer usually starts with radiation or radiation and chemotherapy.

Radiation therapy

Radiotherapy is to use high energy beams such as X-rays or protons, to kill cancer cells. Treated by procedures called external radiation. In this trick, when lying on the table and a large displacement machine moving around, the radiation is exactly projected to the cancer target. Radiation therapy can be the only necessary treatment. In other cases, radiotherapy can be combined with chemotherapy. Side effects of radiation include temporary red skin, hearing loss and dry mouth. Cancer of relapse of nose and throat. With this method, the seeds or radioactive wires are located in the tumor or very close to the tumor. Serious ulcer in the throat and mouth. Chemotherapy may be put into the form of tablets, intravenous or both. Chemotherapy can be used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer in three ways:

Chemotherapy at the same time as radiation therapy: When two treatments are combined, chemotherapy enhances the effectiveness of radiation therapy. This simultaneous treatment is called a combination or radiation treatment. However, the side effects of chemotherapy with the side effects of radiation make the patient extremely uncomfortable. Cancer cells remain in the body, including cells that may be broken from the original tumor and spread to other places. Some controversy over whether chemotherapy really improves survival in people with throat cancer. Many people undergo chemotherapy after treatment and can not tolerate side effects and have to stop treatment. Chemotherapy before radiation therapy or before treatment simultaneously. More research is needed to determine whether a complementary chemotherapy can improve the survival rate in people with throat cancer. Use to treat throat cancer. Surgery can be used to remove lymphoma in the neck.

In some cases, surgery can be used to remove a tumor from the palate. This often requires a surgeon to perform a incision in the palate to approach this area and remove cancer cells.

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