Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer's disease overview

Ovarian cancer is one of the seven most common cancer and this is the 8th cause of cancer deaths in women around the world. In 2012, global cancer (Globocan) was estimated at 239,000 people with ovarian cancer and 152,000 deaths from the disease. On average worldwide, nearly 600,000 only live within 5 years after the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, according to this momentum, the global cancer organization (Globocan) predicts that by 2035, the world will increase by 55% New macadamia and 67% of ovarian cancer will die.

(Source: https://wwovariancancervition.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/the-world-ovarian-cancer-calition-atlas-201.pdf)

To understand what ovarian cancer is , first, we need to know about the biological system of a woman consisting of 2 ovaries in the pelvis with the size of only the size Seeds. The ovaries have two main functions including (1) producing hormones of women, progesterone and estrogen and (2) producing and releasing an egg every month.

In the ovaries with malignant tumors that can come from the surface of the ovaries or from the germ cells that produce egg cells or from the tissue around the ovaries with support, it is called it called Ovarian cancer. Cancer cells are abnormally divided and not controlled by the patient's body.

This is a dangerous disease, but the signs of the disease are very dim and often confused with other common diseases. As a result, most ovarian cancer patients are detected and diagnosed when the illness is in the end.

Causes of Ovarian cancer's disease

Currently, the causes of ovarian cancer are unclear, but in general, the cancer starts from an abnormal cell growth in its DNA, also known as mutation. These mutations cause cells to grow and multiply quickly, creating tumors of abnormal cells. This tumor invades the surrounding tissue and metastasizes to other organs in the body.

Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-contitions/ovarian-cancer/Symptoms-causes/syc-20375941

Symptoms of Ovarian cancer's disease

Ovarian cancer patients show the following signs:

  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding or lower abdominal pain but not in the experience cycle
  • Patients with uncomfortable or/and pain in the upper or lower abdominal area
    • Constipation may appear due to the patient in the late stage, there is often tumor inserted into the colon, hindering the circulation of intestinal peristalsis, leading to constipation.
  • In an hour of urination many times due to the bladder stimulating tumor causing frequent urination.
  • Despite not changing the diet, exercise and working, it still has a lot of weight loss suddenly without knowing the reason.
  • Fast food and feelings of anorexia.

    • These symptoms may be due to other diseases, however, patients should not be subjective and need health examination when there are abnormal symptoms. P>

    Transmission route of Ovarian cancer's diseaseOvarian cancer

    Ovarian cancer is not transmitted from a person to a healthy person, but it can be transmitted through the system by inheriting the mutant genes of parents or the previous generation, thereby making a family. Increasing the possibility of the disease of the children.   

    People at risk for Ovarian cancer's disease

    Currently, scientists have identified some risks of increasing ovarian cancer as follows:

  • Ovarian cancer can occur at any age, but still common in women aged 50 to 60 years old.

    • Genetic mutations: Small rate of ovarian cancer is due to genetic mutations inherited from parents. These genes are known to increase the risk of ovarian cancer such as breast cancer genes (BRCA1) and 2 breast cancer genes (BRCA2), and these genes also increase the likelihood of breast cancer or breast cancer or Some other gene mutations are related to Lynch syndrome.

    Family history: People with 2 or more than 2 relatives near ovarian cancer are likely to have higher ovarian cancer than other objects.

  • Replacement hormone therapy, especially when used in long term and high doses.

    • Age begins with early or/menopause late also increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

    Prevention of Ovarian cancer's disease

    There has been no measures to prevent ovarian cancer completely, but to reduce the risk, experts recommend as follows:

  • Consider using birth control pills to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Women should consult a doctor whether oral contraceptive is suitable for their health conditions before use.
  • Please consult your doctor about the factors that increase the risk of your own ovarian cancer. When a relative has breast cancer or ovarian cancer, the doctor will identify and explain how much the patient's ability to get cancer. In addition, doctors can perform a number of tests to detect patients inheriting mutant genes that increase the risk of ovarian cancer, thereby considering ovarian cutting to prevent cancer.
  • When giving birth, women need to breastfeed completely. This is also proved by a number of studies that reduce the risk of ovarian cancer due to reducing the number of ovulation.
  • Reduce fat in daily diet.
  • Surgery to tie the fallopian tubes or cut the uterus for contraception.  

    • Diagnostic measures for Ovarian cancer's disease

    Examination and examination of ovarian cancer

    Ovarian cancer includes:

  • Prehistoric examination: The doctor will exploit the current history of the disease and the family history of ovarian cancer.
  • Physical examination: Patients will be appointed to perform all genitals (including vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes), urinary system (eagle optical) and rectal.

    • Testing includes some of the following items:

  • Pap test (pap test): This is a recommended measure to use to screen with cervical cancer, however, it is still used to detect. Ovarian cancer.
  • Carcinama antigen blood test): This is a test to find an ovarian cancer mark for diagnosis, monitoring of treatment progress and recurrent monitoring after treatment .  This is a substance secreted from malignant tumors, so if this index is abnormal, it proves that the patient has ovarian cancer.
  • Biopsy: To conduct this method, the doctor will open the surgery to get tissue tissue or tissue of the ovaries, then these Tet holidays will be processed and treated Use microscopes to detect cancer cells. During the surgery, if the ovarian cancer is suspected, the doctor will cut the entire ovaries to prevent metastases from other organs in the body.   

    • Ultrasound: Use high -frequency ultrasound, when these waves go to tumors will give abnormal tumor image results in the ovaries.

  • Class cutting and colon frame with contrast drug.
    • Classification of ovarian cancer stage

    When it has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, the doctor will evaluate the stage of the disease, thereby making appropriate regimens for Each stage and condition of the patient.

    Ovarian cancer consists of 5 main stages:

    First stage

    The stage occurs in the ovaries or the fallopian tubes and has not eaten to the surrounding lymph nodes or to other organs.

    Stage 1: Divided into 3 stages as follows:

  • Stage 1A: Cancer cells are only in one of the two ovaries or one of the two fallopian tubes and limited to the ovaries.

    • Stage 1b: Cancer on the outer surface of both the ovaries or fallopian tubes.

    Stage 1C: The tissue around the tumor in the ovaries or the fallopian tubes is broken, creating conditions for the cancer to spread to pelvic or abdominal organs .

    Stage 2:

  • Stage 2a: Cancer spreads to organs in the pelvis.

    • Stage 2b: Cancer metastases to the digestive system such as colon, rectum or bladder.

    Stage 3:

  • Stage 3a1: Cancer cells in one of the 2 fallopian or ovaries and spread to pelvic lymph nodes.

    • Stage 3a2: Cancer spreads to organs in the abdominal cavity such as peritoneal.

  • Stage 3b: This period of the tumor was large enough to observe with the naked eye (<2cm) at one of the two or both ovaries or fallopian tubes, membranes, membranes Abdominal and organs other than pelvis
  • Stage 3C: Tumor is> 2cm and spread to the liver or spleen.

    • Stage 4, also known as end -stage cancer:

  • Stage 4a: Found cancer cells in the membrane of the lungs.

    • Stage 4b: Cancer metastases to important organs such as liver, spleen, lungs, brain ...

    This is the final stage, so the treatment effect is not high because the patient has been metastatic throughout the body.  

    Ovarian cancer's disease treatments

    After determining the stage of ovarian cancer, based on factors such as the condition and the health status of the patient, the doctor will use coordination with different treatments for treatment. like:

    Ovarian cancer surgery

    This is a commonly applied measure including removal of the entire ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix. Dredging lymph nodes and eliminating large belly connectors in the abdomen. For some cases of women of reproductive age without children and illnesses at an early stage, the doctor may appoint an ovaries and an fallopian tube to ensure reproductive function for women. Later.

    Chemotherapy

    after surgery, use some intravenous medications to find and kill cancer cells in the body.  

    Radiation therapy

    Use the irradiator to projection with high energy radioactive tumors directly, causing the tumor to shrink and die gradually.

    After treatment, people with ovarian cancer need periodic examination to change the treatment regimen when necessary and detect other abnormal signs such as side effects of chemotherapy, radiation, Or the metastatic status of cancer ...

    Stem cells/immunotherapy: Only at Vinmec

    Currently, Vinmec is the first hospital in Vietnam to apply self -immunotherapy in cancer treatment (including ovarian cancer - Especially late period). This is a breakthrough solution to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment in Vietnam. See more information about therapy here.

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