Pathological jaundice

Pathological jaundice's disease overview

Infant jaundice is very common and can occur due to indirect bilirubin stagnation or direct bilirubin in the body.

In newborns, red blood cells are always created and destroyed, when red blood cells will release hemoglobin, this substance will be metabolized to form bilirubin as yellow pigment. Bilirubin will then be metabolized in the liver and excreted through feces and urine. But because the liver of babies is still weak, this excretion of this bilirubin does not work, causing increased bilirubin in the blood, causing jaundice in infants.

In most cases, physiological jaundice will gradually disappear when the child's liver develops and when the child starts to breastfeed, helping to release bilirubin from the body. In most cases, jaundice will disappear within 2 to 3 weeks.

However, there is a jaundice phenomenon called pathological jaundice.

What is

What is pathological jaundice?

Pathological jaundice is a condition of jaundice accompanied by the following abnormalities:

Jaundice appears early before 48 hours after birth.

Gold body, golden palms and soles.

jaundice with other abnormal signs such as little feeding, convulsions, fever, fertilizer.

How long is the pathological jaundice?

Pathological jaundice in infants is a condition that lasts for more than 1 week in children full month and over 2 weeks in young children.

If not detected and treated with jaundice, it can lead to complications of neurotoxicity (also known as jaundice), causing children to be at risk of deafness, lifelong cerebral palsy or forms of losses. Other brain injuries, can even cause death.

Distinguish physiological and physiological jaundice

Causes of Pathological jaundice's disease

What is the disease warning?

Pathological jaundice can be caused by the following causes:

Disagreement of mother -in -law's blood type (ABO, Rhesus)

Hemorrhage pathology (G6PD, sickle red blood cells, infections)

Hemorrhage under the skin

Slow away from feces

Fetal infections

Congenital liver disease (biliary tract atrophy, biliary dilation)

Symptoms of Pathological jaundice's disease

Pathological jaundice in infants has the following abnormalities:

Jaundice appears early before 24 - 36 hours of age

The level of jaundice has just arrived clear

Increased jaundice speed

jaundice lasts more than 1 week (in children full month) or over 2 weeks (in young children)

Jaundice is accompanied by any other abnormal signs:

vomiting

poor breastfeeding, abdominal belly

apnea

fast breathing

Slow heart rate

Heat lower body

weight loss

Pale blue skin, bleeding board

Neurological signs: sleeping, libido, stimulation, stiffness, convulsions, coma

In addition, it may be accompanied by symptoms of diseases of causes such as large liver, enlarged spleen, etc.

People at risk for Pathological jaundice's disease

4 main risk factors include:

Premature birth: Premature babies before 37 weeks are at higher risk, because the liver is not able to handle bilirubin as fast as a child born in full month

bruised during birth

Children whose mothers carry blood type O or blood type Rhesus negative

Little breastfeeding, not enough milk

Prevention of Pathological jaundice's disease

Good health care during pregnancy, adequate antenatal care according to the appointment to be able to detect early and promptly treat diseases during pregnancy. Thereby avoiding premature birth, light weight, overweight, infection from mother to child.

When giving birth, medical facilities need to be monitored and supported by medical staff.

Babies breastfeeding immediately after birth, sufficient breastfeeding (breast milk or formula if the mother suffers from pathological conditions that cannot be breastfeeding) and keep the baby warm to help children or not Hypotension, hypoglycemia and early dung after birth.

The room must have enough light to easily track the child's skin color. In case of difficult to identify (young red or black skin), gently press the thumb on the skin of the child for a few seconds, then let go, if the child has jaundice where the finger presses will be clearly yellow. When children have a suspected expression of jaundice, parents need to take the child to the doctor for timely detection and treatment of pathological jaundice.

Diagnostic measures for Pathological jaundice's disease

Clinical examination: jaundice, yellow eyes

Testing:

Blood test: Measure bilirubin concentration in blood

Other tests find the cause: blood formula, blood type of mother and baby, Coombs test, abdominal ultrasound, ...

Pathological jaundice's disease treatments

Treatment of pathological jaundice depending on the cause:

1. Treatment of p witha and jaundice due to indirect bilirubin increased:

Provide adequate water and energy (through breastfeeding or infusion)

Albumin transmission and use some drugs to increase the speed of indirect bilirubin metabolism

Lamp mats are simple, safe and effective treatments. The goal of this method is to use light energy through the skin to help convert free bilirubin in the blood into other non -toxic substances, excreted through feces and urine.

When the lights, the child will be removed, the ceiling, covering the eyes and genitals, rotating regularly to increase the skin area exposed to light.

The lamp to treat jaundice is indicated after 24 hours of age to treat jaundice increased bilirubin indirect pathology without symptoms of poisoning or nerve toxicity. It is also possible to project the spare lights in cases where there is a risk of jaundice such as premature children, serum tumors, children with hemolysis

Blood change is a measure used when children jaundice at a severity of failure treatment with light projection therapy or with neurological symptoms.

Depending on the specific case, the doctor may use one or more methods at the same time.

Note: Drying a child in the sun in the morning does not help treat the pathological jaundice because the light intensity of the early sun is too weak and the child cannot be exposed to sunlight for a long time to achieve Effective.

2. Treatment of newborn jaundice due to increased bilirubin directly: Depending on the pathology of pathology, there are different specific treatments

Antibiotics: jaundice due to infection.

Surgical surgery if a child has biliary atrophy or congenital bile diatra.

See also:

Distinguish physiological and physiological jaundice

7 -year -old baby with miraculous jaundice after 6 months of stem cell transplantation

Detect signs of infant abnormalities at home

Infant jaundice

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