Peripheral atherosclerosis

Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease overview

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common circulatory issue in which the artery is narrowed down to reduce blood flow to the limbs. When developing peripheral artery diseases, the limbs, especially the legs will not receive enough blood flow to keep up with the need. This condition causes symptoms, especially leg pain. Typically, the successful treatment of peripheral artery disease is largely due to the patient to quit smoking, exercise regularly and have healthy eating and drinking.

Peripheral atherosclerosis is the hard and thick phenomenon of walls with large and medium glass arteries, which is the cause of diseases such as: Anemic ischemic muscle. Heart, peripheral vascular disease, stroke caused by anemia (cerebral infarction), abdominal aorta aneurysm ... first of all for some reason, the endothelial cells are Damage, and lose the function of protecting the vascular wall. The cause of endothelial cell damage may be due to the effects of high pressure blood continuously affecting such as: in hypertension, blood lipid disorders, due to the effects of tobacco, some drugs and some drugs and some drugs and some drugs and Chemicals, food, infections and viruses, immunity factors ...

Local endothelial cells are lost in the ability to secrete prostacyclin, when damaged. Platelets immediately separated from the bloodstream to focus on that place and adhesive, then release many substances including growth factors, this factor stimulates the movement of plain muscle cells. In the middle layer to the endothelium and thrive there. Single leukemia from the blood also moves to the damage and is converted into a macrophage. These macrophages "swallow" LDL-C and become "foaming cells" of fat. Until overloaded, these cells will be broken and poured out, causing the endothelium to thicken the lipid lines or the typical atherosclerotic plaques.

Causes of Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease

peripheral atherosclerosis is a common cause of peripheral artery disease. However, the exact cause of peripheral atherosclerosis has not been known. Risk factors for peripheral atherosclerosis include: abnormal cholesterol levels, diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, smoking, obesity and diet Drink unhealthy. 

Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the blood. Limit oxygen -rich blood flow to parts of the body from narrowing arteries. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis is based on physical examination, electrocardiogram and stress testing, there may be other tests.

In atherosclerosis, the heart is usually the focus of the discussion, this disease may and often do not occur the arteries of the body. When it occurs in the artery that provides blood to the limbs, it causes peripheral artery disease. 

In some uncommon cases, the cause of peripheral artery can be vasculitis, limbs and abnormal surgery of ligaments or muscles, or due to contact with radiation. .

Symptoms of Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease

About ½ of people with no symptoms of peripheral artery disease. The most common symptoms are pain, aches, cramps and numbness in the damaged area. However, patients may experience expressions such as uncomfortable, pale blue skin, cold skin, no touching pulse at the foot, feeling pain and ulcers that often heal.

During exercise, exercise often occurs cramps, foot pain but then disappears when resting. The position of the pain depends on the location of the clogged or narrow arteries. The severity of continuous foot pain when walking is also different, from mild discomfort to aches and pains. When walking, patients with continuous leg pain can make physical activity difficult.

Symptoms of peripheral artery disease include:

  • Pain in the hips, thighs or muscles after activity, such as walking or climbing stairs.
  • The legs are numb or weak

    • in the low areas of the legs or feet, especially when compared to other legs.

  • Feeling pain in the toes, feet or vacuum wounds.
  • There is a change in the color of the leg: pale blue skin, cold skin, ...
  • Grow -growing hairs or hairs growing slower on the feet

    • Toen foundation is underdeveloped

  • Do not touch the circuit or weak circuit in the legs or foot

    • erectile dysfunction in men.

    If peripheral artery disease progresses, pain may even occur while resting (pain due to anemia when resting) or lying. The pain may be strong enough to cause insomnia. Hanging legs on the edge of the bed or walking around the room can temporarily reduce the pain.

    In addition, patients may experience some other symptoms, but not mentioned due to its popularity. So when you experience any signs of pain or numbness or any other symptoms, without noting them as a normal part of old age, it is necessary to notify your doctor for correct diagnosis and timely treatment.

    Complications of peripheral artery disease:

    Atherosclerosis is the cause of peripheral artery disease, so the patient is also at risk of developing:

  • Chiem ischemic, starting from signs such as bad ulcers - Trauma or hand or leg infection
  • Thiếu máu cục bộ chi quan trọng (CLI) xảy ra khi bị thương hoặc bị nhiễm trùng tiến triển và có thể gây ra chết tế bào dẫn tới hoại tử, thậm chí phải cắt cụt chi affected.
  • heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of signs and symptoms of non -limited peripheral artery disease. Therefore, the fat array also gathered in the artery to the heart and brain. 

    • Transmission route of Peripheral atherosclerosis's diseasePeripheral atherosclerosis

    Peripheral atherosclerosis is not transmitted from sick to healthy people

    People at risk for Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease

    Peripheral artery disease can occur in women and men with equal amounts in both sexes.

    Subjects at high risk of peripheral artery disease include:

  • People over 70 years old
  • People over 50 years old and have diabetes or smoking a lot

    • People under 50 years old but have diabetes and have risk factors for peripheral artery disease such as obesity or high blood pressure.

    However, the rate of atherosclerosis is directly related to age. Some studies have shown that in the first years of life, atherosclerosis may occur, some even see atherosclerosis appearing in the fetus. 

    Intermediate lesions were formed in the age of 30, atherosclerotic plaques were formed since the age of 40 and could cause dangerous complications such as myocardial infarction. From the age of 50 onwards, the process of atherosclerosis continues to progress to become more serious, it causes diseases such as: peripheral blood vessels, cerebrovascular disease ...

  • Under 20 years old has 17% of people with atherosclerosis,
  • The age of 20 - 29 years old is 37%
  • The ages of 30 - 39 is 60%
  • The ages of 40 - 49 years old is 71%
  • The age of 50 or more is 85%.

    • Risk factors include:

  • Smoking

    • diabetes

    obesity

    High cholesterol (blood cholesterol more than 240 mg/ dl or 6.2 millimoles/ liter)

    Family history with peripheral artery disease, heart disease or stroke

  • Homocysteine ​​exceeds the level, part of protein helps maintain and build tissue

    • Prevention of Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease

    The best way to Prevention of peripheral atherosclerosis is to maintain a healthy lifestyle, reducing risk factors including:

  • Do not smoke stimulants such as cigarettes, pipe tobacco, ...
  • Quit immediately if smoking
  • If diabetes are in good control.
  • Exercise regularly, regularly 30 minutes daily, or at least 30 minutes three times a week. Enhance movement: walking, gardening, playing sports ...
  • If necessary to lower cholesterol and blood pressure level
  • Foods containing low saturated fat, eat lots of fruits and vegetables
  • Maintain healthy weight.
  • Drink less alcohol

    • Diagnostic measures for Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease

    Some measures to diagnose peripheral artery diseases include:

    Examination: The doctor may find signs of peripheral artery disease in a physical examination, such as not touching the circuit or weak circuit under the narrow artery area, the sound in the artery is available. It can be heard by a stethoscope, evidence of a slow healing wound, where blood flow is limited, and reduces blood pressure in the affected limbs.

    The ankle, arm (ABI) index: This is a test that is often used to diagnose peripheral artery disease. To compare blood pressure in the ankle with blood pressure in the arm. To measure blood pressure, the doctor uses a pressure belt and a special ultrasound device to assess blood pressure and flow. The patient can walk on the treadmill and read first, right after exercise to grasp the severity of the arteries narrowing during the time the patient is walking.

    ultrasound: For example, Doppler ultrasound, used to evaluate blood flow through blood vessels and determine the artery is narrowed or blocked.

    Aortic angiography: By injecting a dye into the blood vessel, this test allows your doctor to see blood flow through the artery. The doctor may monitor the flow of contrast materials, use imaging techniques such as X -ray or layer cutting (CTA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRA). Catheter angiography is a more invasive procedure, related to the pipe through the artery in the groin to the affected area and injecting the dye. Although invasive, this type allows copper angiography to diagnose and treat - the search for blood vessel narrowing points and then expand it with the aura trick, then use the medication to improve the storage. Blood amount.

    Blood test: Taking a sample of blood can be used to measure neutral fat, cholesterol and diabetes testing.

    Peripheral atherosclerosis's disease treatments

    The method of treating peripheral artery diseases includes two main goals:

  • Manage symptoms, such as reducing leg pain, so that physical activity can be continued. 
  • Prevent the progress of atherosclerosis throughout the body, reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.

    • Reasonable lifestyle change is an important measure in the treatment of peripheral mach. If smoking, removing smoking is the most important, necessary to do to reduce the risk of possible complications.

    In addition to changing the appropriate lifestyle, in some cases, supplementing medical treatment. The doctor may prescribe drugs for anticoagulant, hypotension and cholesterol, analgesic and other symptoms.Medicines

    cholesterol lowering drugs: To reduce the risk factor for heart attack and stroke, cholesterol can be used. The goal for people with peripheral artery disease is to reduce low lipoprotein density (LDL), "bad" cholesterol of less than 100 mg / dL (mg / dl), or 2.6 millimoles / liter (mmol / l) . Medicines for hypertension: If the patient also has high blood pressure, the doctor may prescribe medication to lower blood pressure. The purpose of this therapy is to reduce systolic blood pressure to 140 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or lower and diastolic blood pressure up to 90 mm Hg, may be lower. If diabetes, target blood pressure is below 130/80 mm Hg.

    Drugs to control blood sugar: Controlling blood sugar (glucose) becomes more important for people with diabetes. Talk to the doctor about blood sugar, set goals and measures to be taken to achieve these goals.

    Medicines to prevent blood clots: due to peripheral artery diseases related to blood flow to limbs, it is important to reduce the risk of coagulation. A blood clot can completely block the narrowing of blood vessels and cause tissue necrosis. Your doctor may prescribe daily aspirin or other drugs to prevent blood clots, such as clopidogrel. Symptomic decreased drugs: To prevent blood clots and expand blood vessels that can use Cilostazol (pletal) that helps increase blood flow to limbs. In people with peripheral artery diseases, it especially helps the symptoms of leg pain. The common side effects of this drug include: headache and diarrhea. Pentoxifylline (trental) is a medication that can replace Cilostazol, but less effective, but rare side effects with this drug.Cacina and surgery

    In some cases, patients with peripheral artery disease will have continuous foot pain. Therefore, the necessary measure for treatment is aura or surgery.

    Power vascular: by using a small catheter (catheter) is threaded through the blood vessels into the affected artery. There, a small ball on the tip of the catheter will be pumped to reopen the arteries and flatten the artery wall. The doctor can insert a grid, also known as the stent into the artery to keep it open. Use the same procedure to open the heart arteries.

    Surgery: The doctor can create a bridge using a vessel from another part of the body or a blood vessel made of synthetic cloth. This technique allows bleeding through - ignoring where the arteries are narrowed or blocked.

    Treatment of thrombosis: If the patient has blood clots, the doctor may inject medications that dissolve blood clots in the artery at the blood clot to break it.

    Monitoring the training program

    In addition to taking medication or surgery, the doctor may specify a exercise program, and monitor to increase the gap that can walk. Regular exercise to improve the symptoms of peripheral artery disease by a number of methods, including helping to use oxygen more effectively.

    Lifestyle and remedy for

    many people can manage the symptoms of peripheral artery disease and prevent the progression of the disease through changing lifestyle, especially to quit smoking. To stabilize or improve PAD:

    Stopping smoking: Smoking is a contribution to spasms and damage to arteries and is an important risk factor for the development of peripheral artery disease. If smoking, removing smoking is the most important and necessary to do the risk of complications.

    Exercise: This is a very important and successful ingredient in the treatment of peripheral artery disease is usually measured by walking away without pain. Proper exercise helps muscles use oxygen more effectively. Doctors can help develop an appropriate exercise and goals.

    Eating healthy diet: A reasonable diet for cardiovascular health is low in saturated fat that can help control blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Diets rich in nutrients - such as vitamins A, B6, C and Vitamin E, folate, high in fiber; and omega 3 -fatty acids with a lower rate of peripheral artery disease.

    Some cold-avoiding pills: Cold remedies contain pseudoephedrin (cold and cold advil, cold tylenol, aleve, claritin-d, sudafed, zyrtec-d, and some other types), cold vascular contraction and blood vessels and blood vessels May increase the symptoms of peripheral artery disease.

    Caring for good foot care also contributes to improving the condition and reducing symptoms. People with peripheral artery disease, especially those who have more diabetes, are at risk of ulcers on the lower legs and feet. Poor blood circulation can delay or prevent appropriate wound healing and increase the risk of infection. To take care of the legs needed:

  • Wash your feet daily, dry thoroughly and moisturize regularly to prevent cracks that can lead to infection. Do not moisturize between toes, however, because this can facilitate mushroom growth.
  • Modeled shoes and dry socks.
  • timely treatment when suffering from foot fungal infections.
  • Be careful in trimming nails.
  • Avoid barefoot, barefoot.
  • see a doctor as soon as the first signs of a pain or skin damage.
    • replacing drugs

    replacing drugs with herbs, for example, ginkgo has the effect of blood thinning, which can allow people who have constant foot pain. With less pain. However, this herb when high doses can cause bleeding, and it can be dangerous if combined with anti -platelets, including aspirin. Consult your doctor before examining the use of ginkgo to reduce leg pain.

    Supporting

    peripheral artery disease can cause discomfort, frustration, especially when exercising will feel pain. However, when continuing to exercise, it will increase the distance and can walk without pain.

    Holding below the heart level will relieve pain, so it is possible to raise the headboard 10 - 15 cm. A tip to reduce symptoms is to avoid cold temperatures as much as possible. If you can't avoid it, wear warm clothes.

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