Pneumonia in children

Pneumonia in children's disease overview

pneumonia includes bronchitis, interstitial pneumonia, lobes pneumonia. These are all respiratory infections and lung parenchyma, when some bacteria and viruses grow to produce pus and mucus in the alveoli, causing the oxygen not to reach the circulatory system. This is closely related to the typical symptoms of pneumonia.

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old. Every year, in Vietnam, up to 1/3 of the deaths of children die due to pneumonia. The disease can be infected, but it can also be prevented by a number of specific measures.

Causes of Pneumonia in children's disease

Different ages often encounter various pathogens. Most cases causing pneumonia in children are viruses, including RSV (Respiratory Synctial Virus), Adenovirus, Parainfluenza Virus, Influenza Virus. These virus strains can spread quickly by respiratory tract, especially in sudden changing weather, seasons, environmental sanitation conditions are not good. There are also cases of bacterial pneumonia, the most common are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus. Premature babies, malnutrition, birth defects are at higher risk of pneumonia than other children.

Symptoms of Pneumonia in children's disease

Need to distinguish symptoms of spectritis i from other causes of respiratory failure such as asthma, airway heterogeneous, congenital lung disease, pleural effusion, heart failure, congenital heart ... Each different stage of disease also has different manifestations:

The onset phase: The appearance of symptoms of respiratory infections (fever, cough, runny nose, stuffy nose, fussing, reducing activity ...)

Complete phase: dry cough, cough with phlegm, fast breathing. The disease worsens when there are signs of cyanosis and mucous membranes, withdrawing the chest, fluttering the nose wings, shrinking of the intercostal muscle.

Prevention of Pneumonia in children's disease

The general principle of pneumonia prevention is to reduce contact with pathogenic agents and conditions:

Wash your hands before and after eating

Avoid contact with sick people

Do not share living utensils with sick people

Keep the environmental hygiene

Vaccination of the pneumococcal room

For pregnant women: Screening to detect birth defects, monitor and proper health care, avoid premature births, malnutrition, underweight .

It is necessary to take children to medical facilities for timely diagnosis and treatment, avoiding worse progression leading to dangerous complications.

Diagnostic measures for Pneumonia in children's disease

Doctors need clinical examination and subclinical tests to diagnose pneumonia. In which signs of fever, cough, fast breathing, chest concave are the most important for clinical diagnosis and determine the severity of the disease. Straight lung X -ray is a standard diagnostic standard of pneumonia. In addition, in some cases, it is necessary to do other tests such as:

Hematoma if suspected of having blood infections

Aortic blood if there is respiratory failure

Diagnostic serum in cases of prolonged pneumonia should clearly identify the cause

In case of serious illness, there are signs such as: unable to drink, cyanosis, epidermis, convulsions, severe malnutrition, children need to be treated and monitored in the internal residing at the hospital.

Pneumonia in children's disease treatments

Different treatments for pneumonia are based on the general principle, first of all, it is necessary to assess the severity of the disease. Then need to choose the right antibiotic and evaluate response after 48 hours of treatment.

For cases of mild pneumonia

Outpatient treatment: Amoxicillin: 50mg/kg weight, 2-3 times/day, 5-7 days

or use amoxicillin/clavulanate: 40mg/kg weight/day, 5-7 days

Re -examination when signs of faster breathing or worse disease

For cases of severe pneumonia: Need to be inpatient treatment on the basis of 4 principles: respiratory support, antibiotic use, other supportive treatment and variable treatment treatment evidence.

Respiratory support by oxygen or positive breathing continuously through the nose to be done when the child shows signs of respiratory failure: cyanosis, fast breathing over 70 times/minute, Chest concave

Although the majority of pneumonia in children is viral, but the rate of bacterial superinfection is very high, so antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of pneumonia and inflammation Heavy lungs. The commonly used antibiotic groups are Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxim

Treatment of antipyretic, bronchodilator, nutrition enhancement when needed.

When there are complications such as pleural effusion, lung abscess, lung collapse ... it is necessary to take appropriate treatments.

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