Polycystic kidney

Polycystic kidney's disease overview

Disease polycystic kidney is a type of kidney lesion characterized by the appearance of many follicles filled with fluids in the renal parenchyma and this is the cysts of benign properties . The follicles are different in size and can develop huge. In most cases, these follicles only appear in the kidneys, causing the kidneys to expand and lose function over time, but there are also some patients who may have cysts outside the kidneys such as liver cysts, Pancreatic and particularly in the brain, heart. The disease can cause serious complications, including high blood pressure and renal failure. In addition to complications of hypertension, impaired renal function in addition to polycystic kidneys also causes other serious complications such as the risk of pre -eclampsia that threatens life for pregnant women with polycystic kidneys, cysts. In the liver, the aneurysm can cause brain bleeding, mitral valve openings, redundant bags, chronic, prolonged lumbar pain, ...

Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease largely in dominant gene, only a small percentage according to the recessive gene. The pathological gene is located at the far end, the short branch of the 16th chromosome. There are about 10-15% of patients, the gene disorder is located in the 4th chromosome. dominant transmission. Kidney disease can be combined with liver cysts and cardiovascular abnormalities. The disease often leads to end -stage renal failure. Polycystic kidney disease is one of the most common diseases in genetic causes of kidney disease. It is estimated that about 12.5 million people in the world are carrying this disease.

The polycystic kidney is very different in its severity, and some complications can be prevented. Early detection, lifestyle changes and treatments can help reduce kidney damage, minimize complications, prolong the time leading to end -stage renal failure, improve the quality of life for the disease Nhan.

Causes of Polycystic kidney's disease

What is

What is the cause of polycystic kidney?

Abnormal genes that cause polycystic kidney disease, which means that in most cases, the disease runs in families. Rarely, a genetic mutation occurs alone (so spontaneous), so no parents have a copy of the mutant gene.

The two main types of polycystic kidney disease, caused by different genetic errors, are:

Polycystic kidney disease dominates: signs and symptoms of the disease often develop between the ages of 30 and 40. Previously, this type was called polycystic kidney disease in humans. Big, but children may be disturbed. The father or mother suffers from polycystic kidney disease, each child has 50% of the chance of disease. This form accounts for about 90% of cases of polycystic kidney disease.

Skillful polycystic kidney disease: This type is less common. Also known as congenital polycystic kidneys , signs and symptoms often appear immediately after birth. Sometimes, symptoms do not appear until later in childhood or in childhood. Both parents must have abnormal genes to transmit this disease. If both parents carry this disorder gene, each child has 25% of the chance of disease.

Symptoms of Polycystic kidney's disease

Normally, the kidney cysts progress silently and are not detected until causing complications such as kidney failure, hypertension (THA) ... and some cases are Incidentally discovered when abdominal ultrasound examination periodically.

The manifestation of polycystic kidney disease can be hypertension, lumbar pain with properties such as dull pain or severe cramping one or two sides, tired headaches, urine or urinate bleeding, may be accompanied by kidney stones and urinary tract infections. There are cases where the patient saw the abdomen enlarged and touched a block next to the navel (due to the large kidney). The late stage is the stage of renal failure due to the cysts that develop and cause severe kidney injury.

The late symptoms of polycystic kidneys are as follows:

Hypertension: The follicles are benign, but they cause kidney damage that leads to many complications such as hypertension. High blood pressure can cause cerebral hemorrhage, aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction, eye damage ... and kidney damage to create pathology.

Renal failure: Studies show that up to 50% of polycystic kidney patients with renal failure in their 60s. Cardiovascular stroke as well as brain stroke.

The occurrence of liver cysts: In people with polycystic kidney disease, the risk of liver cysts is also common and this risk increases with age. It is also found that the risk of liver cysts in people with polycystic kidneys is the same, but in women, the liver cysts are usually larger in size and this is considered to be related to female sex hormones.

pregnancy: Women with polycystic kidney disease can still be pregnant and safe, but still have to be alert to some risks such as hypertension, toxicity Scratch and eclampsia may increase due to polycystic kidney disease.

Besides, some abnormalities can also be accompanied by polycystic kidneys such as excess pockets, heart valve lesions ... worsen the disease. P>

Subclinical subclinical detection is not difficult for polycystic kidney disease through imaging diagnostic means such as abdominal ultrasound, class cutting, and abdominal cavity. It is also necessary to do other tests such as blood, urine ... to determine the level of damage and complications of polycystic kidneys.

People at risk for Polycystic kidney's disease

Families with polycystic kidneys are an important risk factor for polycystic kidney disease

Prevention of Polycystic kidney's disease

There is no measure to prevent polycystic kidney disease.

If there are people with polycystic kidney disease in a family, a health check often detects early and timely treatment.

If you have polycystic kidney disease and want to have children, a genetic advisor can help assess the risk of transmitting disease to your child and take a reasonable measure

If polycystic kidney disease is most important in the prevention of complications is blood pressure control.

Some measures to control blood pressure are as follows:

Use blood pressure as prescribed by a doctor

Eat a low -salt diet that contains many fruits, vegetables and cereals.

Maintain healthy weight.

Quit smoking, limit the use of alcohol

exercise regularly. The goal for at least 30 minutes of physical activity is moderately moderate days of the week.

Diagnostic measures for Polycystic kidney's disease

Diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease based on:

Family history

Ultrasound sees two large kidneys, there are many different sizes in both the shell and the kidney area.

There is a cyst in the liver.

CTSCAN Rid -coat

Genetic engineering abnormally determined at the short end of the short branch of chromosomes 16.

Polycystic kidney's disease treatments

Treatment of polycystic kidney disease includes the treatment of the following symptoms and complications in the first phase:

High blood pressure. High blood pressure control can delay the progression of the disease and slow kidney damage. Combining a low -sodium, low -fat diet with moderate protein and calories without smoking, strengthening exercise and reducing stress can help control high blood pressure. However, the drug is often necessary to control high blood pressure. The drugs called Angiotensin (ACE) or Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors (ARB) are often used to control high blood pressure.

Pain relievers: control pain of polycystic kidney disease with painkillers. For some people, the pain is more serious and continuous, the doctor may recommend surgery to remove the cyst if they are large enough to put pressure and pain.

Bladder or kidney infections: timely treatment of antibiotic infections is necessary to prevent kidney damage.

Bloody: It is necessary to drink plenty of water to dilute can help prevent blood clots from forming in the urinary tract.

Renal failure: If the end -stage kidney failure is required to dialysis and kidney transplant

Brain aneurysm: regular screening for intracranial aneurysms. If aneurysm is detected, aortic aneurysm surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding may be an option, depending on its size. The non -aneurysm non -aneurysm can be associated with high blood pressure control and high blood cholesterol, as well as quit smoking.

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