Pulmonary artery stenosis

Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease overview

Pulmonary artery stenosis is a congenital heart defect, usually diagnosed within the first few hours after birth. In pulmonary stenosis, the heart valve allows blood out of the heart to the child's lungs (pulmonary valve) with abnormal structure.

Pulmonary valve is one of the four heart valves that takes on the function of opening and closing when bleeding in the heart. The pulmonary valve has two thin leaves. In each heartbeat, the valve opened, causing blood to be pushed out of the heart to the lungs to exchange gas through the pulmonary artery. At the end of the beat, the valve closed to prevent blood flow back to the heart. When the heart valve stenosis occurs, one or both valve leaves are defective or too thick, the valves do not open properly, making the blood flow over enough. Therefore, the blood cannot move normally to get oxygen from the lungs but instead, the amount of blood travels to the lungs through other natural paths in the heart and arteries in the heart.

These arteries are necessary when the fetus is developing in the womb, because at this time the fetal lungs have not worked with the function of providing oxygen to the blood, the fetus receives oxygen from the mother's blood through the placenta and The umbilical cord. However, the arterioscleros often closed immediately after the baby was born and cried because the child was cut off the umbilical cord, the lungs of the child need to work to provide oxygen to the blood. At that time, the pulmonary stenosis will cause serious effects on children, even leading to death if the pulmonary valve is seriously stenosis.

Disease Voluntary valve stenosis i is a rare defect, which occurs with equal frequency between boys and girls. This condition is often associated with congenital heart defects called Fallot.

Causes of Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease

Like most congenital heart disease, the cause of pulmonary artery stenosis is not well known.

Causes of pulmonary artery stenosis are often associated with a number of congenital heart defects such as:

And arterioscleros (PDA).

Pulmonary artery stenosis with intact ventricular partition (PA/IVS). The disease may be accompanied by an underdeveloped valve or right ventricle underdeveloped and abnormal blood vessels.

Pulmonary artery stenosis with ventricular ventilation. This is the most severe level of the Fallot.

Symptoms of Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease

If the baby is born with pulmonary artery stenosis, symptoms will be noticed immediately after birth. Symptoms of pulmonary artery stenosis may appear within hours to several days.

The common symptoms of pulmonary artery stenosis are:

Blue or gray skin (purple blue)

cold, pale and moist skin

Fast breathing or shortness of breath

poor breastfeeding, increased shortness of breath when breastfeeding

For young children and adults with average or heavy valve narrowing, symptoms will appear when exertion, including:

breast anger

Faint tired

Slow weight gain, slow growth in children with serious illness

Difficulty breathing, especially shortness of exertion

pale or purple blue in some patients.

Sounded heart examination, large or small degree depending on the narrowing of the pulmonary valve as well as other heart defects.

Those who are mild to medium -sighted heart stenosis are less likely to experience complications of the disease but when the heart valve is higher, the patient is at risk of complications. The following:

Infections due to endocarditis: A common disease occurs in people with abnormalities in congenital heart structure.

Right ventricular hypertrophy: When suffering from severe pulmonary artery stenosis, the right ventricle needs to be pumped with stronger force to increase the amount of blood into the pulmonary artery, in the long term, the ventricles will be thick. Up, increasing the area of the ventricular chamber, the heart muscle eventually becomes hard and weak.

Arrhythmic disorders: The valve stenosis affects the electromagnetic transmission process.

Heart failure: Occurs after the right hypertrophy period, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood on the lungs and taking blood from the heart organs, causing shortness of breath, fatigue, fatigue, Phu Chi.

People at risk for Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease

There are many risk factors for pulmonary artery stenosis such as:

Mothers infected with rubella or other viruses in the early period of pregnancy

Parents with congenital heart defects

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy

Smoking before or during pregnancy

Mothers with uncontrolled diabetes

The mother with lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder

Using some drugs during pregnancy such as acne isotretinoin, some anti -convulsed drugs and some dipole disorders, ...

Children with Down syndrome is a genetic disease due to excess of a chromosome number 21

Prevention of Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease

Measures to prevent severe pulmonary pulmonary stenosis include:

There is a good diet: Children can go through a difficult period to eat enough energy needed because children are easily tired when eating and increased energy demand. Give your child regularly and divide into small meals.

Preventive antibiotics: Cardiologists may advise children to use preventive antibiotics before doing dental procedures and other tricks to prevent Blocking bacteria from entering the blood and infecting the inner lining of the heart (causing infection infections). Practice good oral hygiene, brush your teeth and dental use, regular dental examination is an effective method to prevent infection.

Help children dynamic: Encourage children to play and participate in activities that their bodies can withstand, create many opportunities for children to rest and have a nap time. Regular operation helps the heart to be healthy. When your child is older, talk to a cardiologist about the best activities for children. Some sports should be avoided as too limited as antagonistic subjects.

Following the immunization schedule under the national expansion vaccination program as well as other service vaccines such as influenza vaccine, pneumonia vaccine by pneumonia stagnation.

Compliance with the regular examination schedule with the cardiologist.

Diagnostic measures for Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease

Clinical examination

Testing:

X-ray: On the X-ray film shows the size and shape of the organs, bones and internal organs to help the doctor assess the level of pulmonary artery stenosis of children.

Electrolyte (ECG): Helps to detect heartbeat disorders (arrhythmia or rhythmic errors) and may recognize myocardial anemia. >

Echocardiography: Doctors often use an echocardiography to diagnose pulmonary artery stenosis with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, doctors can also diagnose pulmonary artery stenosis in children through an echocardiography in the womb before the baby is born (fetal ultrasound).

Cardiac: In this trial, the doctor put a thin, flexible tube into a blood vessel in the child's groin and brought to the heart through the X-ray image to help provide information secretion of heart structure, blood pressure and blood oxygen concentration in the heart, pulmonary artery and aorta. The doctor may inject a special type of dye into the catheter to make the arteries clearly visible on X-rays.

MRA's magnetic resonance imaging (rarely used)

Pulmonary artery stenosis's disease treatments

Treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis depends on the severity of the disease.

Tips to regulate heart disease and drugs that help children's heart to work more effectively rather than the first steps in the treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis.

Methods of treating pulmonary valve stenosis in infants:

Medical treatment: Most children with pulmonary stenosis need to be used to keep the pulp after giving birth to help blood circulation to the lungs until the pulmonary valve is repaired Cure.

Cardiac intervention: In some cases, the flow of blood may be improved by using the cardiac catheter (inserting a thin tube into the blood vessels and putting it into the heart). In this procedure, the doctor can expand the valve with a ball or may be placed a stent (a small tube) to keep the ductus arterios.

Surgery:

In most cases of pulmonary artery stenosis, children need surgery immediately after birth. At that time, the doctor will expand or replace the pulmonary valve and expand the catheter into the pulmonary artery.

If the child has ventricular septal, the doctor will put a patch in the ventricular septal hole to close the hole between the heart of the heart of the heart to help improve the blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body.

If a child has a pulmonary artery stenosis with an underdeveloped right ventricular, children may need multiple stages surgery, similar to surgery for left heart disease syndrome.

Re -examination on schedule: Most children with pulmonary artery stenosis need regular examination and monitoring with cardiologists to monitor the process of the disease and check the love. Other health conditions may develop when children grow up.

In older children and adults, patients with mild pulmonary valve stenosis can live healthy without treatment.

In the following stages, when abnormal symptoms have appeared, patients are often indicated as follows:

Medical treatment: Medicines to treat pulmonary valve stenosis

with cases from average to severe, the doctor may prescribe some drugs to reduce symptoms such as:

Prostaglandin (prostaglandin)

Hypothalar contraction pills

Blood coagulation prevention drugs

Diuretics

Medication to treat arrhythmia

Fix the pulmonary valve with ballplasty: performed when the patient does not suffer from other heart defects.

Through a groin artery, the doctor will put a small plastic tube on the head to the heart with the instructions of the X-ray image. When reaching the stenosis of the valve, the ball is pumped up to expand the pulmonary valve.

The heart surgery to open the chest to fix the valve or replace the pulmonary valve in some difficult cases, the patient will apply this method to replace or repair the heart valve. A replacement artificial heart valve will have a life of a few decades. However, the chest surgery always has many great risks such as blood loss, infection, blood clotting, and even death. Lifestyle changes:

Feed, eat salt to avoid increasing the burden on the heart.

Eat lots of green vegetables, fruits, foods that are beneficial for heart such as cereals, lean meat, chicken, fish.

Eat redness red meat, greasy fried foods.

Do not use stimulants such as coffee, tobacco, alcohol.

Exercise with moderate subjects such as walking, meditation, yoga, cycling.

Avoid anxiety, stress, enough sleep 6-8 hours a day.

See also:

Assessment of pulmonary artery pressure with heart heart ultrasound

Overview of common lung diseases >

What is pulmonary hypertension?

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