Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis's disease overview

What is

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

rheumatoid arthritis , also known as rheumatoid arthritis, is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune disorders in the body, occurs when the immune system is attacked. Wrong on the tissues in the body itself. The disease causes inflammation (red, swollen) leading to pain, hardening and swelling, most of them are joints, back joints, foot and knee joints. Rheumatoid arthritis not only damages the joints of the joints but also can damage the whole body system including skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.

Unlike the worn damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis affects your joint mucosa, causing the final pain that can lead to bone erosion and joint deformation that greatly affects biological. Daily activity such as writing, opening bottles, wearing clothes and carrying objects. Arthritis, knee or foot joints can make it difficult for you to walk and bow.

Every 100 adults, 1 to 5 people with rheumatoid arthritis. The disease is usually common in people aged 20 to 40 years old. Among them, female patients, especially women during pregnancy, 2-3 times more than male patients.

The disease is complicated, causing severe consequences, so it should be detected early and treated promptly. The disease cannot be completely cured. However, active treatment from the beginning with effective treatments to stop or slow down the progression of the disease, limit disability and improve the quality of life for patients. Meanwhile, new drugs have significantly improved treatment options that bring high efficiency for patients

Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis's disease

Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system is attacked Synovium - the membrane of the membrane surrounding the joints leads to inflammation that thickens Synovium thickness, which can eventually destroy cartilage and bone in the joints. In addition, the tendons and ligaments hold the joints together also dilate and weaken, causing the joints to be deformed and lose the linkage.

Currently, scientists still do not know what causes of rheumatoid arthritis are leading to this immune disorder. However, genetic factors may be relevant because some genes are not directly causing the disease, but it can make you more sensitive to environmental factors, such as infection with some bacteria or the most viruses. Determine and from there can start the disease.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis's disease

How many stages are

rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis consists of the following 4 stages:

Stage I: Membrane inflammation on joints leads to joint swelling and joint pain. The immune cells moving to the inflammatory area lead to an increase in the number of cells in joint fluid.

Stage II: In moderate level, in phase II there is an increase and lane of inflammation in tissue. Bone tissue begins to grow affecting the joint space and on cartilage, gradually destroying articular cartilage and joints begins to narrow due to cartilage loss.In this period, there is often no joint deformities,

Stage III: This is a heavy stage. The loss of articular cartilage in damaged joints reveals the bone under the cartilage. Patients often joint pain, swelling, limiting movement, stiffness in the morning, body weakness, muscle atrophy, forming deformed nodules.

Stage IV: Phase IV is called the final stage of rheumatoid arthritis. At this stage, the process of inflammation decreases and the formation of fibrous tissue and sagging bones (combined bones) leads to stopping joint function.

The common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is mostly joint pain and stiffness, the most severe in the morning after waking up or after sitting motionless for a long time. . Stiffness is often better after moving many times. This symptom usually appears suddenly and quickly.

Other symptoms include: burns or itchy eyes, fatigue, boils in the legs, anorexia, tingling and numbness, short breath, skinny skin, weak and high fever. The joints can be red, swollen, hot, soft and joint deformity

People at risk for Rheumatoid arthritis's disease

Sex: Women are more likely to have arthritis lower than men.

age: Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, but it usually starts in middle age.

Family history: If there are people with rheumatoid arthritis, there is a risk of disease

Smoking. Smoking increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis

Environmental exposure. Despite poor knowledge, some exposure such as asbestos or silica may increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Emergency staff exposed to dust from the collapse of the World Trade Center at risk of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Obesity. People - especially women aged 55 and under - overweight or obese people seem to be at higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Prevention of Rheumatoid arthritis's disease

There is no measure to prevent rheumatoid arthritis, if a family has a rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to have a periodic health check for early detection and timely treatment.

Diagnostic measures for Rheumatoid arthritis's disease

Rheumatoid arthritis may be difficult to diagnose in the early stages because of the initial signs and symptoms similar to other diseases. There is no blood test or physical detection to confirm the diagnosis. Poor clinical symptoms can see joint swelling and joint deformation in the late stage.

Standards of the American rheumatism (ACR) 1987, this standard is still being widely applied in the world and Vietnam for many joints and time of arthritis. over 6 weeks.

Morning stiffness lasts over 1 hour.

Minimum inflammation of three joints: Software swelling or minimum of 3 of the following 14 joints (including both sides): joints near the hand, fingers, joints, The wrist joint, elbow joint, knee joint, ankle joint, toe table joint.

Arthritis in the hands: minimum swelling of one of the wrist joints, close fingers, fingers.

symmetrical arthritis.

under the skin.

Low form of positive serum.

Typical X -ray signs: joints at the hands, wrist or joints: erosion, niche, bone -shaped shape, stenosis of joints, loss of minerals head bone.

Definite diagnosis: When there is ≥ 4 standard. Symptoms of arthritis (standard 1- 4) takes a period of ≥ 6 weeks and is determined by a specialized physician.

Blood tests

People with rheumatoid arthritis often have increased red blood cell deposit rate (ESR, or Sed speed) or reaction protein C (CRP), may show the presence of inflammatory process in Body. Other common blood tests seeking rheumatism and peptide antibodies Citrullated anti -cyclic

Image tests

The doctor may recommend X-ray to help monitor the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in your joint over time. MRI and ultrasound tests can help the doctor assess the severity of the disease in your body.

Rheumatoid arthritis's disease treatments

There is no method of treating rheumatoid arthritis completely. Treatment measures to improve symptoms, improve quality to help maintain normal life. But clinical studies have shown that the relief of symptoms is more likely to start early with drugs called anti -rheumatoid drugs.Drugs

drugs recommended by the doctor will depend on the severity of your symptoms and the time you have rheumatoid arthritis.

NSAID. Non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may relieve pain and reduce inflammation. NSAIDs are not prescribed including ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) and Naproxen sodium (Aleve). Side effects may include stomach irritation, heart problems and kidney damage, prolonging bleeding time, increasing the risk of bleeding

steroids. Corticosteroid drugs, such as prednison, reduce inflammation and pain and slow joint damage. Side effects may include osteoporosis, weight gain and diabetes. Doctors often prescribe a corticosteroid medicine to reduce acute symptoms, with the goal of gradually reducing the drug.

anti -rheumatoid medications (dmards). These drugs can slow down the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save joints and other tissues from permanent damage. Conventional dmard includes methotrexate (trexall, otexup, other types), leflunomide (Arava), hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil) and sulfasalazine (azulfidine). Various side effects but may include liver damage, bone marrow inhibition and serious pulmonary infection.

Biological drugs. Also known as the biological reaction modification tool, this newer DMARD class includes: Anti TNF, Anti-il6, B cells inhibitors, or cells inhibitors. Different treatment. This drug is effective for cases that do not respond to other drugs, achieve much success in the case of difficult cases, improve the condition of the disease of rheumatoid arthritis

Surgery

If the drug cannot prevent or slow joint damage, surgery may be considered to repair damaged joints. Surgery can help restore joint use. It can also relieve pain and improve function.

Rheumatoid arthritis surgery may include:

Endoscopic surgery. Surgery to eliminate arthritis lining (synovium) can be performed on the knees, elbows, wrists, fingers and hips.

Repair tendons. Inflammation and joint damage can cause the tendon around your joint to be loose or breaking. Your surgeon can repair the veins around your joints.

Axial surgery: Fuse surgery can be recommended to stabilize or adjust joints and to relieve pain when changing joints is not an option.

Replace the entire joint. In joint replacement surgery, remove the damaged parts of the joints and insert a fake part of metal and plastic.

Support measures

Practice, instructions for anti -tendon, joints, muscle atrophy. During acute inflammation: to rest in a functional position, avoid millet, padded at joints. Encourage training as soon as symptoms of inflammation are reduced, increased, practicing many times a day, both proactive and passive according to the physiological function of the joints.

Rehabilitation, physiotherapy, mineral bath

Use support tools

Prevention and treatment of complications of treatment

Inflammation, peptic ulcer: It is necessary to actively detect and treat because over 80% of patients have no clinical symptoms. Use with stomach mucosa protection drugs or secretions.

Need to complement calcium, vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. If patients are at high risk of osteoporosis, they can use bisphosphonates

If anemia: Folic acid, iron, vitamin B12.

Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.