Scabies

Scabies's disease overview

Scabies (Scabies, Gale) are quite common skin disease, caused by a parasitic insect on the skin, whose name Sarcoptes Scabiei, Hominis (scabies), there are also called itchy mites ( Itch mite), often encountered in the spring - summer.

Scabies exist for more than 2500 years, appearing from ancient Roman times, up to now, there are about 300 million cases worldwide, it often appears in densely populated areas. , narrow housing, shortage of domestic water or underdeveloped countries, nutritional conditions and poor hygiene.

Scabies is a disease that does not cause serious consequences for the health of the patient, but if not detected and treated promptly, it will greatly affect the quality of life of the patient and the patients themselves People around, especially it will cause complications such as infections, eczema, acute glomerulonephritis.

Causes of Scabies's disease

The cause of scabies is caused by scabies parasites (scientific name is Sarcoptes Scabiei Hominis).

The disease caused by female scabies is primarily, male scabies does not cause disease because it dies after intercourse. Scabies have many species, there are species that cause disease in humans, there are diseases in animals such as horses, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, etc. The disease can be transmitted to humans.  

Some scabies identifying characteristics: Seeing it as a mobile white point, it has 8 legs, 2 front legs have an irregular tube, 2 pins with fluffy, head with hose to suck food.
  • The scabies often parasitize in the horny layer of the epidermis, at night, the cave will also burrow the eggs during the day, every day the scabies lay 1-5 eggs, 72-96 hours of hatching into a child into a child At the same time, after 5-6 molting (within 20-25 days) becomes an adult scabies, then crawling out of the cave, intercourse and continues to dig tunnel, lay new eggs.
  • The entire life cycle in the upper scabies lasts 30 days and has about <10% of the eggs into adult scabies.
    • The process of acting on scabies on the skin of the human skin:
  • Scabies secreted the proteases enzyme that impaired the horny layer of the human horn, so scabies can be di chuyển qua các lớp trên cùng của da dễ dàng hơn. Nguồn thức ăn của ghẻ là các mô bị phân hủy nhưng nó không ăn máu. Nó thường thông qua các lớp biểu bì, tạo ra các tổn thương hang và để lại sau phân của chúng.
  • Scabies proliferate very quickly, in favorable conditions of a female scabies, after 3 months may have a 150 million family, scabies also die after giving birth Out of my eggs.
    • Mechanism of pathogenesis:

    at night scabies cows out of the cave to look for male scabies, this is the most itchy, most contagious, because itching has to scratch the scatter scattered out Clothes, beds ... The scabies will die after leaving the host 4 days.

    Symptoms of Scabies's disease

    Signs of scabies in humans The most common when scabies is: itching, at most at night, when going to bed due to the scabies moving causing irritation of the sensory nerve tip in Skin and partly due to the toxin scabies secreted when burrowing. Itching causes infections .... and may have fever in some cases.

    The first contacter with scabies parasites, within the first 2 weeks there is absolutely no itching, maybe due to the newly invaded scabies, so there is no reaction, so it has not been itchy, that is reasonable The prize is why some patients have real scabies that have not been completely itchy. Those who are re -infected with scabies appear violently from the moment the scabies enters the skin.

  • After itching, specific lesions are scabies and blisters, also known as pearls and cave sugars.
  • blisters in scabies are often small with sheet seeds, look like jade seeds (if not superinfected), never grow in clusters, scattered especially in skin areas young.
  • The scabies rows appeared by the scabies in the horn layer is a zigzag curve shaped, 2-3 cm long, the edge is higher than the skin, opaque white or white gray, Do not match the skin, at the beginning of the cave road with blisters diameter about 1-2mm and that is also the residence of the scabies.
  • Location of the lesion is usually: palms, fingers, wrist, back, armpit, around the navel, buttocks, legs and scabies rarely hurt At the top of the face, in men, there are almost damaged in the foreskin, the penis body, and women also have a nipple, children also have heels and soles.
  • scabies causing intense itching so the patient scratches very strongly, causing damage, including: scratching, slip, papules, flap, blisters, pustules, moment boils .., dark scars, faded, creating an image like a picture of "pearl mosaic", "brocade flower".

    • Transmission route of Scabies's diseaseScabies

    Is scabies contagious?

    Scabies in humans is a family -contaminated disease because if a member of the house has scabies, the possibility of others in the family will be susceptible to the disease.

    Scabies spread through direct contact between the skin and the skin of the scabies. In some cases, a person may get scabies when sharing clothes, towels or beds with scabies.

    People at risk for Scabies's disease

    Any object, ethnicity, whether men or women, whether old or young can get scabies, but the most vulnerable subjects are those who are constantly exposed, common activities such as sleeping: sleeping common, shared curtain, towel, mat, pillow with scabies.

    Prevention of Scabies's disease

    Housing and personal hygiene daily clean.

  • Avoid direct contact between the skin and the skin or exposure to the gadgets of people with scabies.

    • People at risk (close contact) should be medical care for preventive treatment.

    Diagnostic measures for Scabies's disease

  • Diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics: itching, usually itching at night, blisters in young skin, individually growing, not in clusters. Guessing on damage in specific positions such as palms, fingers, wrist, back, armpit, around the navel, butt, ...
  • Based on epidemiology : Family, unit, collective many people. The microscope shows eggs or scabies. Li>
  • Gold standard for diagnosing scabies is found scabies, but not always found scabies and their products, so diagnosis is based on clinical and properties. Epidemiology is very important.

    • Scabies's disease treatments

    How to treat scabies in humans is relatively easy, just destroy all scabies and prevent re -infection. Currently, most of the treatments are well responded, the disease can be completely cured but sometimes it is also necessary to treat the second phase for a while then about 2-7 days to be sure to treat definitive treatment This scabies.

    Principle of scabies treatment in humans:
  • Need to detect early and treat early without complications.
  • Treat all people who have scabies living together at the same time.
  • Should apply the drug in the evening before going to bed: Apply a thin layer from the neck to toe, apply 2-3 nights continuously to bathe.

    • Restricted, it is best to avoid scraping scratching because it can cause dermatitis, infection.

  • Do not apply skin pests such as ddt, 666, volphatox, leaf ....
  • Need to apply continuously for 10-15 days; Track after 10-15 days because there may be a new batch of eggs.
  • Treatment in combination with spread disease prevention. Washing, drying clothes, blankets, utensils of patients away from the belongings of those around them.
  • Isolate patients, do not share clothes, sleep together.
    • Scabies treatments:
  • For simple scabies

    • Apply one of the drugs:

    Solution: Apply 2-3 times a day, this drug is not used for babies and does not apply to the genitals.

    Lindane: Spray the entire skin from the neck to the foot. After 8-12 hours of bathing instead of clothes, spray 2 times/week. This scabies medicine is similar to the beautiful solution not for young children because it is toxic to the nerves.

    benzyl benzoat (ascabiol, scabitox, zylate): apply, spray 2 times/day.

    Eurax (Crotamintan) 10%: 6-10 hours of application. Safe drugs can be applied to the genitals and used for babies, it has anti -itching and killing effects.

    Permethrin Cream 5% (Elimite) is the least toxic scabies treatment, can be used for children and pregnant women.

    Cases of scabies: Ivermectin combination with topical topical medication, it is effective in most typical scabies. Note that children under 5 years old or less than 15kg are not treated with Ivermectin.

    According to Oriental medicine, should regularly bathe with water of bitter leaves, three gauze, oval, nacre, chrysanthemum.

  • For scabies with superinfection, dermatitis, eczema, it is necessary to use in combination: antibiotics, steroids, antihistamines, vitamin B1, C, zinc oxide, antibiotic fat, millian solution ; Purple methyl 1%.

    • See also:

  • Children with atopic dermatitis: How to take care of it? Why do children often have heat rash in the summer?
  • Some common allergies in children >

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