Short

Short's disease overview

Dwarf disease may be a separate disease but may also be a symptom of some hormonal or non -hormonal diseases. Dwarfs have only height: Men under 130cm, women under 120cm. Many different causes of dwarf disease. In general, disorders are divided into two main categories:

  • Unbalanced dwarf. If the body size is disproportionate, some parts of the body are small and some others have average size or average size. Disorders causing dwarf diseases inhibiting bone growth.
  • Dwarf proportion. A small body is commensurate if all parts of the body are at the same level and seems to be balanced like a medium -sized body. Current medical conditions at birth or appear in young children to limit growth and overall development.

    • Causes of Short's disease

    There are many causes of dwarf disease, which may include

  • Dwarf has a family nature: When parents or both are smaller stature than normal people, the generation of children can have a lower height.
  • Dwarfs by organs: This phenomenon is common in male children, manifested by a short situation that appears at 7-8 years old. If the age of adulthood is still not seen by the sign of puberty, or slowly puberty, the dwarf is due to the organ.

    • The two above types are called dwarfs due to slow growth slowly, no need to be treated. The following types are dwarf due to pathological growth.

  • Dwarf due to a number of chronic diseases: appearing in people with chronic diseases from an early age or from birth such as pancreatic disease, liver disease, chronic kidney, the The state of children lacking for prolonged oxygen in congenital heart diseases, lung diseases with widespread lesions, non -recovery, chronic bacterial infections. These people often have small stature. Normal development, psychological development, but weak body, low life expectancy.
    • dwarf due to the cause of the fetus: due to the fault of cell division. There are often many birth defects with mental and mental retardation.

    Dwarf caused by skeletal system, cartilage: due to dysplasia or cartilage dysplasia. The limbs are often deformed or short compared to the body, because the conjugate cartilage is more early than usual, manifested by the back bent first but their intelligence is still developing normally. Some of them have the ability to do artistic professions such as circus, movie actors or clown roles. Some dwarfs due to rickets from a young age.

  • Morquio's disease makes people have short neck vertebrae, looks like neck neck, deformed chest, X -shaped legs. .

    • Dwarfs due to endocrine diseases: Many endocrine diseases can slow down the growth of the body, such as reducing thyroid function, causing thyroid dwarf disease, ovarian education, The testes, puberty sooner or later are accompanied by dwarfs, the disease increases the potential of Nguyen Phat Armor, reduces the pituitary (impairment) of the pituitary gland. If the pituitary insertion occurs before puberty due to the lack of gonadotropin and growth hormone, it will have a dwarf manifestation. Dwarfs are characterized by the dwarf, balanced, head, legs, small hands, no puberty. Often occurs in boys more than girls. If the pituitary gland is impaired at any age, the height, psychology and genital will grow at that age. However, their intelligence still develops normally. Sometimes they show signs of headache, falling asleep, pissing and lack of affection.

    Turner syndrome is caused by 45/XO chromosomal defects, causing congenital ovarian reduction disorders. This syndrome causes adult genitalia like children (if women will not have menstruation), premature aging, small stature, osteoporosis, accompanied by birth defects such as excess fingers , body deformities.

  • Laron dwarf is due to a shortage of growing hormone receptors. Somatomedin can be used to restore growth function in this patient.

    • Achondroplasia. About 80 percent of people with Achondroplasia were born from parents of average height. One person with Achondroplasia and two parents of the average size received a mutant copy of the gene related to disorders and a normal copy of the gene. A person with disorders can transmit a mutant or normal copy to their children. Other reasons

    other causes of dwarfs include other genetic disorders, deficiency of other hormones or poor nutrition. Sometimes unknown reasons.

    Symptoms of Short's disease

    Symptoms of dwarf disease are divided into two main groups to guide the cause, including:
  • Dwarf disproperous dwarf Most people with dwarf have tangles Disorder causes short -level short stature. Normally, this means that a person has a medium -sized body and very short limbs, but some people may have a very short body and short limbs (but disproportionate). In these disorders, the big head is not balanced compared to the body. Almost all disabled dwarf people have normal intellectual capacity. The rare exceptions are often the result of a secondary factor, such as excess liquid around the brain (hydrocephalus).

    • Short dwarf : Often appear in childhood, limiting growth and overall development. Therefore, heads, stems and limbs are small, but they are proportional to each other. Because these disorders affect the overall growth, many of them lead to the poor development of one or more body systems. Lack of growth hormones is a relatively common cause of adequate short disease. It occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce a sufficient amount of growth hormone, which is essential for the normal development of children. Signs include:

    In short, the signs of the disease include:

  • The body has a relatively normal length;
  • arms and legs short, unbalanced;
    • folded legs;
  • Elbow joints restrict movement;

    • Other joints seem too flexible or loose joints;

  • Baby's hands and feet;

    • Big head;

  • The middle area of ​​the wide face;

    • Many teeth, small jaw;

  • wide forehead;
  • Flat nose bridge.
    • The possible complication includes: for disproportionate dwarfs
  • Motor skills retardation, such as sitting up, Cow and walk
  • Regular ear infections and the risk of hearing loss
  • Difficulty breathing (sleep apnea)
  • Pressure on the spinal cord at the bottom of the skull

    • Excess liquid around the brain (hydrocephalus)

  • Teeth are tight
  • Serious head bow or swaying back with back pain or shortness of breath
  • Narrowing the canal in the lower spine (spinal stenosis), leading to pressure on the spinal cord and pain or numbness then at the foot
  • Arthritis
  • Weight gain can complicate problems with joints and spine and put pressure on nerves
    • Dwarfs proportional
  • Growth and development issues often lead to complications with poor development agencies. For example, heart problems often occur with turner syndrome may have a significant effect on health. 
  • The lack of sexual maturity is related to growth hormone deficiencies or Turner syndrome affects both physical and social development.

    • Transmission route of Short's diseaseShort

    People with genetic genes or health problems will be able to get this disease.

    Prevention of Short's disease

    Early treatment of hormonal deficiency diseases to avoid dwarf manifestations.

    Diagnostic measures for Short's disease

  • It is possible to diagnose early for the fetus in the case of an ultrasound before birth if the limbs are very short and not commensurate with the body.
  • Family history. Doctors exploit the height of siblings, parents, grandparents or other relatives to help determine whether the average height in your family includes short stature.
  • Diagnostic tests may include ::
  • Measuring height, weight and head circumference. This is very important to determine abnormal growth, such as slow growth or slow growth or The big head is not proportionate to the age
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may show the abnormalities of the pituitary or hypothalamus, both have a role in the function of hormones that help diagnose the cause, find Effective treatment.
  • Genetic test. If the doctor suspects having Turner syndrome, the special laboratory test can be performed to evaluate the X chromosome extracted from blood cells.
  • Hormonal tests. The doctor may request tests to evaluate the level of growth hormone or other hormones that are important for children's growth and development.

    • Short's disease treatments

    The goal of treatment is to maximize function and independence. Most dwarf treatments do not increase stature but can overcome or reduce problems due to complications.

    Surgical treatment: Surgical procedures can overcome problems in people with disproportionate dwarfs include:
  • Fix directions that bones are developing
  • Stable and edit the shape of the spine
  • Increase the size of the hole in the spine (vertebrae) to reduce the pressure on the spinal cord
  • Place a shunt to remove excess liquid around the brain (hydrocephalus), if it occurs
    • Hormone therapy
  • For people who are dwarf due to growth hormone deficiency, treatment by injecting a synthetic version of hormones can increase the direction. Last high. In most cases, children are injected daily for several years until the maximum height of adults - usually within the average adult range for the family. 
  • Treatment may continue throughout the age of teenagers and adulthood early to ensure adulthood of adults, such as appropriate muscle gain or fat. Some individuals may need lifelong treatment. The treatment may be added with other related hormones if they are also missing.
  • Treatment for girls with Turner syndrome also needs treatment with estrogen and related hormones so that they start puberty and achieve sexual development in adulthood. Estrogen replacement therapy usually continues throughout their lives until women suffer from Turner syndrome to the average menopause.
    • Health care continuously
  • Check regularly and constantly care by a doctor familiar with dwarf disease that can improve the quality of life. Due to the scope of symptoms and complications, the treatment is designed to solve problems when they occur, such as evaluating and treating ear infections, spinal stenosis or sleep apnea. Adults are dwarfs, so they continue to be monitored and treated for problems throughout their lives.
    • Extended spending

    Some people with dwarf disease choose surgery called extension. This procedure causes controversy for many people with dwarf disease because, as for all surgeries, are risky. Waiting to decide to extend limbs until people suffer from dwarf enough to participate in the decision proposed because of emotional and physical stress related to many procedures.

    See also:

  • What is bone age and how to determine bone age
  • How to detect rickets in children Li> Distinguishing rickets and stunting

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